The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
Low
PR
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
Scope
S
An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority that is managing the vulnerable component. This is often referred to as a 'privilege escalation,' where the attacker can use the exploited vulnerability to gain control of resources that were not intended or authorized.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
High
A
There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Philex CMS - Directory TraversalTitle:
=======
Philex CMS - Directory Traversal
Introduction:
==============
A content management system (CMS) is a computer application that supports the creation and modification of digital content.
It is often used to support multiple users working in a collaborative environment.
CMS features vary widely. Most CMSs include Web-based publishing, format management, history editing and version control, indexing, search, and retrieval.
By their nature, content management systems support the separation of content and presentation.
Vulnerability Disclosure:
==========================
2017-08-15: Public Disclosure
Affected Product(s):
=====================
Philex 0.2
Exploitation Technique:
========================
Remote
Severity Level:
================
High
Technical Details & Description:
=================================
A Directory Traversal vulnerability has been discovered in the CMS Philex 0.2 CMS web-application.
The vulnerability is located in the 'cat' parameter of the`index.php` action GET method request.
Request Method(s):
[+] GET
Vulnerable Function(s):
[+] index.php
Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] cat
Proof of Concept (PoC):
========================
A path traversal attack (also known as directory traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the web root folder.
By manipulating variables that reference files with dot-dot-slash (../) sequences and its variations or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system including application source code or configuration and critical system files.
It should be noted that access to files is limited by system operational access control.
This attack is also known as dot-dot-slash, directory traversal, directory climbing and backtracking. [OWASP]
[+] http://www.uphighstore.com.br/index.php?cat=../etc/passwd
Solution
=========
There are several measures that enterprises can take to prevent directory traversal attacks and vulnerabilities.
For starters, programmers should be trained to validate user input from browsers.
Input validation ensures that attackers cannot use commands that leave the root directory or violate other access privileges.
Beyond this, filters can be used to block certain user input.
Enterprises typically employ filters to block URLs containing commands and escape codes that are commonly used by attackers.
Additionally, web server software (and any software that is used) should be kept up-to-date with current patches.
Regularly patching software is a critical practice for reducing security risk, as software patches typically contain security fixes. [Veracode]
Credits
========
Felipe "Renzi" Gabriel
Contact
========
[email protected]
References
==========
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Path_Traversal
https://www.veracode.com/security/directory-traversal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_system