The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
None
PR
The attacker is unauthenticated prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction
None
UI
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges
Scope
Unchanged
S
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
High
A
There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Below is a copy: Deskpro Helpdesk Privilege Escalation / Remote Code Execution
RedForce Advisory
https://redforce.io
## Advisory Information
Title: Deskpro Helpdesk < 2019.8.0 Multiple Vulnerabilities
Advisory URL:
https://blog.redforce.io/attacking-helpdesks-part-1-rce-chain-on-deskpro-with-bitdefender-as-case-study/
Date published: 2020-03-28
Date of last update: 2020-03-30
Vendors contacted: DeskPro
## About Deskpro
Deskpro is a helpdesk software solution that helps companies manage their
communication with their customers and user base across a multiple
channels; email, live chat, voice, social media. DeskPro has clients in
different industries. Some of the well-known names per their website are:
Microsoft, Siemens, P&G, Vodafone, HMRC, CapitalOne, Panasonic, NHS, Valve,
Brown University, Hotel Chocolat, Garmin, Team USA, Arrow, Pure, Xerox,
1&1, Booz Allen Hamilton, Bitdefender, US Department of Defense and more.
## Vulnerability Description
Deskpro on-premise helpdesk solution < 2019.8.0 was found to be prone to
multiple high
severity vulnerabilities that enable a remote attacker to escalate their
privilege to helpdesk administrator. Moreover, it was prone to remote code
execution (RCE) leading to full compromise of the server.
Full vulnerability technical details and exploitation steps can be found in
our advisory (
https://blog.redforce.io/attacking-helpdesks-part-1-rce-chain-on-deskpro-with-bitdefender-as-case-study/
)
## Credits
These vulnerabilities were discovered and researched by Abdulrahman Nour
from RedForce.
## About RedForce
RedForce is an information security consultancy firm consists of a team of
experts in the offensive security field. By using the latest techniques,
methodologies and attack simulation from an adversary prospective, we make
sure that your organization is approaching the best practice to mitigate
the risk at the lowest cost. We approach our offensive services from a
holistic approach. Our aim is to contribute to the efforts of our customers
in securing the critical IT infrastructure and crown jewels within their IT
landscape. For more information, please visit https://redforce.io
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