The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
None
PR
The attacker is unauthenticated prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction
None
UI
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges
Scope
Unchanged
S
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In the case of a vulnerability in a virtualized environment, an exploited vulnerability in one guest instance would not affect neighboring guest instances.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
High
A
There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Below is a copy: OpenText Extended ECM 22.3 cs.exe Remote Code Execution
SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory < 20230117-0 >
=======================================================================
title: Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution in cs.exe
product: OpenText Content Server component of OpenText Extended ECM
vulnerable version: 20.4 - 22.3
fixed version: 22.4
CVE number: CVE-2022-45923
impact: Critical
homepage: https://www.opentext.com/
found: 2022-09-16
by: Armin Stock (Atos)
SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
An integrated part of SEC Consult, an Atos company
Europe | Asia | North America
https://www.sec-consult.com
=======================================================================
Vendor description:
-------------------
"OpenText Extended ECM is an enterprise CMS platform that securely governs the
information lifecycle by integrating with leading enterprise applications, such
as SAP, Microsoft 365, Salesforce and SAP SuccessFactors. Bringing content
and processes together, Extended ECM provides access to information when and
where its needed, improves decision-making and drives operational effectiveness."
Source: https://www.opentext.com/products/extended-ecm
Business recommendation:
------------------------
The vendor provides a patch which should be installed immediately.
Vulnerability overview/description:
-----------------------------------
1) Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution in cs.exe (CVE-2022-45923)
The `Common Gateway Interface (CGI)` program `cs.exe` of the `Content Server`
has a vulnerability, which allows an attacker to increase/decrease an arbitrary
memory address by 1 and to trigger a call to a method of a `vftable` with a
`vftable pointer` value chosen by the attacker.
The `cs.exe` does de-serialize (crack) the user provided data in the `_fInArgs`
parameter, if the parameter `_ApiName` is set. During this de-serialization to
a `class KOSValue` object, the function `obj_ref_cracker` can be called. This
function tries to create a new `class KOSValue` object with an unknown class ID
of `3`.
As the class ID is unknown the function returns an object of type
`KOSValueBaseClass` instead of `KOSObjRefClass`, but the value of the
`class_ptr` attribute of the new `class KOSValue` object is controlled by the
attacker. This new object can then be used to increase/decrease arbitrary
memory addresses and call methods of its `vftable` via the functions
`KOSValueBaseClass::AddReference` and `KOSValueBaseClass::ReleaseReference`.
Proof of concept:
-----------------
1) Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution in cs.exe (CVE-2022-45923)
The following request crashes the `CGI` binary `cs.exe` with an `access
violation exception - 0xC0000005` trying to read memory from address
`0xAAAA+8`:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ PoC removed, will be published at a later date ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are `.dll` files (`libaprutil-1` & `libapriconv-1.dll`) which are not
compiled with the security flag `Address Space Layout Randomization - ASLR`
enabled, which can be used to achieve remote code execution.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.\winchecksec.exe --json (get-item C:\OPENTEXT-22\cgi\*.dll) > .\checksec-results.json
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat checksec-results.json | jq -r '.[] | [.path, .mitigations.aslr.presence] | @csv'
"icudt69.dll","Present"
"icuin69.dll","Present"
"icuio69.dll","Present"
"icutu69.dll","Present"
"icuuc69.dll","Present"
"jsoncpp.dll","Present"
"libapr-1.dll","Present"
"libapriconv-1.dll","NotPresent"
"libaprutil-1.dll","NotPresent"
"libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll","Present"
"libexpat.dll","Present"
"libssl-1_1-x64.dll","Present"
"llcrypt.dll","Present"
"llisapi.dll","Present"
"llkernel.dll","Present"
"llresources.dll","Present"
"log4cxx.dll","Present"
"PocoFoundation.dll","Present"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vulnerable / tested versions:
-----------------------------
The following version has been tested:
* 22.1 (16.2.19.1803)
The following versions are vulnerable according to the vendor:
* 20.4 - 22.3
Vendor contact timeline:
------------------------
2022-10-07: Vendor contacted via [email protected]
2022-10-07: Vendor acknowledged the email and is reviewing the reports
2022-11-18: Vendor confirms all vulnerabilities and is working on a patch aimed to
be released in November
2022-11-24: Vendor delays the patch "few days/weeks into December"
2022-11-25: Requesting CVE numbers (Mitre)
2022-12-15: Vendor delays the patch and provides a release date: January 16th 2023
2023-01-17: Public release of security advisory
Solution:
---------
Upgrade to at least version 22.4 or apply hotfixes which can be downloaded at
the vendor's page:
https://support.opentext.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sysparm_article=KB0781429
Workaround:
-----------
None
Advisory URL:
-------------
https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
SEC Consult, an Atos company
Europe | Asia | North America
About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab is an integrated part of SEC Consult, an
Atos company. It ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the
field of network and application security to stay ahead of the attacker. The
SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and
the evaluation of new offensive and defensive technologies for our customers.
Hence our customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities
and valid recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mail: security-research at sec-consult dot com
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Blog: http://blog.sec-consult.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/sec_consult
EOF Armin Stock / @2023
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